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1 λέγω
λέγω (Hom.+; on the mng. of the word ADebrunner, TW IV 71–73) impf. ἔλεγον (3 pl. ἔλεγαν s. B-D-F §82 app.; Mlt-H. 194; KBuresch, RhM 46, 1891, 224). Only pres. and impf. are in use; the other tenses are supplied by εἶπον (q.v., also B-D-F §101 p. 46; Mlt-H. 247), but the foll. pass. forms occur: fut. 3 sg. λεχθήσεται; aor. ptc. fem. sg. λεχθεῖσα (SyrBar 14:1), neut. pl. τὰ λεχθέντα (Jos. 24, 27; Esth 1:18; Papias, Just.), 3 sg. ἐλέχθη and pl. ἐλέχθησαν; pf. 3 sg. λέλεκται; plupf. ἐλέλεκτο; pf. ptc. λελεγμένος (all Just.; B-D-F §101) ‘say’ (beginning w. Hes. [Hom. uses the word in the senses ‘gather, collect’, as Il. 11, 755 al., and mid. ‘select’, as Il. 21, 27, and esp. of stories that one elects to ‘tell over’ or ‘recount’, as Od. 14, 197] and more freq. in Pind.; the usual word since the Attic writers; ins, pap, LXX, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph., apolog.).① to express oneself orally or in written form, utter in words, say, tell, give expression to, the gener. sense (not in Hom., for this εἶπον, ἐν[ν]έπω, et al.)ⓐ w. an indication of what is saidα. in the acc. ταύτην τ. παραβολήν Lk 13:6. (τὴν) ἀλήθειαν (Teles p. 4, 14; TestAbr A 16 p. 97, 27 [Stone p. 42]) J 8:45f; Ro 9:1; 1 Ti 2:7. ἀληθῆ (cp. Herodian 4, 14, 4) J 19:35. παροιμίαν οὐδεμίαν 16:29. τὶ καινότερον Ac 17:21 (w. ἀκούω as Pla., Prot. 310a; Dio Chrys. 3, 28; 4, 37). τί λέγουσιν what they say Mt 21:16; cp. Lk 18:6; 1 Cor 14:16. τί λέγω; what shall I say? Hb 11:32. ὸ̔ λέγει Lk 9:33; cp. 2 Ti 2:7; Phlm 21. ἃ λέγουσιν 1 Ti 1:7; AcPlCor 1:9. ταῦτα (τοῦτο) λ. (Jos., Vi. 291) Lk 9:34; 11:45b; 13:17; J 2:22; τοιαῦτα λ. Hb 11:14. τὸ αὐτὸ λέγειν be in agreement (not only in words: Thu. 4, 20, 4; 5, 31, 6; Polyb. 2, 62, 4; 5, 104, 1; Jos., Ant. 18, 375; 378) 1 Cor 1:10.—Also τινί τι tell someone someth. παραβολὴν αὐτοῖς Lk 18:1. μυστήριον ὑμῖν 1 Cor 15:51. τ. ἀλήθειαν ὑμῖν J 16:7. ὸ̔ λέγω ὑμῖν Mt 10:27. μηδενὶ λ. τοῦτο Lk 9:21. οὐδὲν αὐτῷ λέγουσιν they say nothing to him J 7:26. ταῦτα ἔλεγον ὑμῖν 2 Th 2:5.—τὶ πρός τινα (Pla, Gorg. 465a) παραβολὴν πρὸς αὐτούς Lk 5:36; cp. 14:7; 20:9.—24:10; 11:53 v.l. W. double acc. ἀδύνατα ταῦτα εἴρηκας Hm 11:19.β. by direct discourse or direct question foll., mostly abs. (extremely freq.) Mt 9:34; 12:44; Mk 3:30; Lk 5:39; J 1:29, 36; 1 Cor l2:3; Js 4:13. Also oft. introduced by recitative ὅτι Mt 9:18; Mk 1:15; 2:12; 3:21f; 5:28; 6:14f (on the textual problem s. FNeirynck, ETL 65, ’89, 110–18), 35; 7:20; Lk 1:24; 4:41; 17:10; 21:8 v.l.; J 6:14; 7:12; 8:33; Ac 2:13; 11:3 and oft.—καὶ ἔλεγεν Mk 4:21, 24, 26, 30 may = he used to say (so that they might memorize): WEssame, ET 77, ’66, 121.γ. by indirect discourse or indirect question foll.; abs. Mt 21:27; Mk 11:33c; Lk 20:8.—Introduced by ὅτι (Diod S 11, 4, 3; 11, 6, 2; 14, 4, 3; Petosiris, Fgm. 14c; Jos., Bell. 4, 543) Lk 22:70; Ac 20:23.—In acc. w. inf. τίνα λέγουσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι εἶναι τ. υἱὸν τ. ἀνθρώπου; Mt 16:13; cp. vs. 15; Lk 9:20; 11:18; 23:2b; 24:23b; J 12:29a; Ac 4:32; 8:9; 17:7.—W. the inf. only Lk 24:23a; Js 2:14; 1J 2:6, 9.ⓑ w. indication of the pers. or thing about which someth. is said, or that is meant by someth.α. by a prep. περί τινος (Soph., Thu. et al.) οἱ Φαρισαῖοι ἔγνωσαν ὅτι περὶ αὐτῶν λέγει the Pharisees perceived that he was talking about them Mt 21:45. λέγει περὶ αὐτοῦ he said concerning him J 1:47; cp. 2:21; 11:13; 13:18, 22. εἴς τινα (Eur., Med. 453; X., Mem. 1, 5, 1) Ac 2:25; Eph 5:32. ἐπί τινα Hb 7:13. πρός τινα Lk 12:41; Hb 1:7.β. by the acc. alone mean someone or someth. (Demosth. 18, 88; Diod S 15, 23, 5; Phalaris, Ep. 142, 1 ἣν λέγω; Ael. Aristid. 48, 35 K.=24 p. 474 D.: τὸν Φιλάδελφον λέγων; Aelian, NA 8, 3 ὸ̔ δὲ λέγω, τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν, VH 3, 36; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 3; 10, 2; 2 Macc 14:7; Jos., Ant. 6, 86; TestSol 4:6 D τὸν δύστηνον λέγω γέροντα; Just., D. 130, 2 μετὰ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ, λέγω Ἀβραὰμ καὶ Ἰσαὰκ …) τ. ἄνθρωπον τοῦτον ὸ̔ν λέγετε this man whom you mean Mk 14:71. ἔλεγεν τὸν Ἰούδαν J 6:71. συνείδησιν λέγω οὐχὶ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ I mean not your own conscience 1 Cor 10:29. τοῦτο δὲ λέγω but this is what I mean Gal 3:17; cp. 1 Cor 1:12a (Ptolem., Apotel. 2, 3, 12; 2, 11, 1 λέγω δέ … but I mean).—Mt 26:70; Mk 14:68; Lk 22:60. Cp. 4 end.γ. w. an indication of the one to whom someth. is said (on the synoptics and Ac s. WLarfeld, Die ntl. Ev. 1925, 237f); mostly in dat. (Aeschyl., Ag. 103; Herodas 4, 42 σοί; POxy 413, 99; s. also 1aα above) Mt 8:7; Mk 2:8, 17f; Lk 3:7; 5:24; J 1:39, 41, 43 and oft.—πρός τινα (Epict. 2, 17, 34 πρὸς ἄλλους ἐρεῖς; TestSol 1:6 D λέγει Νάθαν πρὸς τὸν ἄγγελον; ApcEsdr 6:16; s. also 1aα above) Mk 4:41; 16:3; Lk 4:21; 8:25 (λ. πρὸς ἀλλήλους as Jos., Ant. 2, 108; 9, 239); 9:23; 12:1; 16:1; J 2:3; 3:4; Ac 2:12; 28:4. μετά τινος: ἔλεγον μετʼ ἀλλήλων they said to each other J 11:56.δ. in other (s. 1aα, 1bα, 1bγ) prep. uses ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ (=ἀπὸ σεαυτοῦ v.l.) σὺ τοῦτο λέγεις; do you say this of your own accord? J 18:34 (TestAbr A 15 p. 95, 26 [Stone p. 38] al.). εἴς τινα against someone Lk 22:65. τὶ περί τινος say someth. about or concerning someone J 1:22; Ac 8:34; Tit 2:8. λ. περὶ τοῦ ἱεροῦ, ὅτι say, with reference to the temple, that Lk 21:5. τί σὺ λέγεις περὶ αὐτοῦ, ὅτι; what have you to say about him, since? J 9:17b (λ. τι περί τινος, ὅτι as Jos., Bell. 7, 215). τινὶ περί τινος say to someone about someone w. direct discourse foll. Mt 11:7. Also πρός τινα περί τινος (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 279 πρὸς αὐτὸν περὶ Μωϋσέως) Lk 7:24. πρός τινα ἐπί τινος bring charges against someone before someone Ac 23:30 (λ. ἐπί τινος as Jos., Vi. 258). λ. περί (v.l. ὑπέρ) τινος say (someth.), speak in someone’s defense 26:1.ε. in connection w. adverbs and adv. exprs.: Λυκαονιστὶ λ. say in (the) Lycaonian (language) Ac 14:11. καλῶς correctly (X., Mem. 2, 7, 11; 3, 3, 4; TestJob 7:8; EpArist 125; 196) J 8:48; 13:13. ὡσαύτως in the same way Mk 14:31. ἀληθῶς λέγω ὑμῖν truly, I tell you Lk 12:44; 21:3. κατὰ ἄνθρωπον (s. ἄνθρωπος 2b) Ro 3:5; Gal 3:15. κατὰ συγγνώμην, οὐ κατʼ ἐπιταγήν (s. ἐπιταγή) 1 Cor 7:6; cp. 2 Cor 8:8. καθʼ ὑστέρησιν Phil 4:11.ζ. w. emphasis on a certain kind of saying: φωνῇ μεγάλῃ in a loud voice Rv 5:12; 8:13 (cp. TestSol 16:1). Also ἐν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ 14:7; 9. ἄγγελος ἐν φωνῇ λέγων GJs 20:4 (pap, s. deStrycker p. 387f). Opp. ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ (cp. Ps 13:1) 18:7. Also ἐν ἑαυτῷ (TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 11 [Stone p. 62]; TestJob 23:8) Mt 3:9; 9:21; Lk 3:8; 7:39, 49; GJs 1:1,4; 3:1; 5:1; cp. 1:3 (codd.); 2:1 v.l.; 14:1 v.l.η. in quotations fr. scripture (but s. also Epict. 1, 28, 4 ὡς λέγει Πλάτων with a quotation) Ἠσαί̈ας λέγει Isaiah says Ro 10:16, 20; 15:12. Μωϋσῆς λέγει 10:19. Δαυὶδ λέγει 11:9. ἡ γραφὴ λέγει (Just., D. 56, 17; cp. Paus. 2, 16, 4 τὰ ἔπη λέγει=the epic poets say) 4:3; 10:11; Gal 4:30; 1 Ti 5:18; Js 4:5; cp. 2:23; J 19:24; 2 Cl 14:2. In the case of the quot. formula λέγει without the subj. expressed, ἡ γραφή or ὁ θεός is easily understood (B-D-F §130, 3; Rob. 392.—On the omission of the subj. [Just., D. 101, 1 al.] cp. Epict. 1, 24, 12 λέγει σοι ‘θὲς κτλ.’=someone says to you ‘lay aside [this and that sign of prestige]’). It could prob. be translated indefinitely it says: Ro 15:10; 2 Cor 6:2; Gal 3:16; Eph 4:8; 5:14. ὁ θεός is obviously the subj. (Clearch., Fgm. 69c; Epict. 1, 1, 10 λέγει ὁ Ζεύς, followed by a divine revelation to Epictetus) Hb 5:6. λέγει ὁ κύριος 2 Cl 13:2; cp. Hb 8:8–10 (λέγει κύριος Am 5:27; Is 1:18; Jer 9:24; ParJer 6:16 al.). W. the passage more definitely indicated (schol. on Pind., O. 7, 66 ἐν τοῖς Μουσαίου λέγεται; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 3, 1179 Wendel v.l. ἐν τῇ γ´ τῆς Μουσαίου Τιτανογραφίας λέγεται ὡς) ἐν Ἠλίᾳ τί λέγει ἡ γραφή Ro 11:2 (Epict. 2, 17, 34 τί λέγει Χρύσιππος ἐν τοῖς περὶ τοῦ ψευδομένου). Δαυὶδ λέγει ἐν βίβλῳ ψαλμῶν Lk 20:42 (Epict. 2, 19, 14 Ἑλλάνικος λέγει ἐν τοῖς Αἰγυπτιακοῖς with quot.). ἐν τ. Ὡσηὲ λέγει Ro 9:25. λέγει ἐν τῷ Ἠσαί̈ᾳ 2 Cl 3:5 (Just., D. 123, 8); cp. ἐν Δαυίδ Hb 4:7. ὁ νόμος λέγει (cp. Pla., Crito 12, 50c; Epict. 3, 24, 43 τί γὰρ λέγει; [i.e. ὁ νόμος θεῖος]) 1 Cor 14:34. λέγει τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον Hb 3:7 (Just., D. 124, 1). Of words of Jesus: λέγει ὁ κύριος ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ 2 Cl 8:5. λέγει ὁ κύριος 5:2; 6:1. λέγει αὐτός (i.e. ὁ Χριστός 2:7) 3:2. λέγει 4:2.θ. Hebraistic, though by no means limited to the OT (s. EKieckers, IndogF 35, 1915, 34ff; B-D-F §420; Mlt-H. 454), is the freq. use of λ. to introduceא. direct discourse (like לֵאמֹר), even though it is preceded by a verb of saying, or one that includes the idea of saying. Esp. λέγων is so used, as in the LXX, e.g. after ἀναβοᾶν, ἀνακράζειν Mk 1:23 (cp. Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36, 3, 9 Jac. ἀνεκεκράγει λέγων), ἀπαγγέλλειν, ἀποκρίνεσθαι, ἀρνεῖσθαι, βοᾶν, γογγύζειν, διαγογγύζειν, διαλογίζεσθαι, διαμαρτύρεσθαι, διαστέλλεσθαι, διδάσκειν, δοξάζειν, εἰπεῖν Mt 22:1; Lk 12:16; 20:2 (s. B-D-F §101, p. 46; s. Rob. 882f; Kieckers, loc. cit. 36f), ἐμβριμᾶσθαι, ἐντέλλεσθαι, ἐπερωτᾶν, ἐπιτιμᾶν, ἐπιφωνεῖν, ἐρωτᾶν, κατηγορεῖν, κηρύσσειν, κράζειν, κραυγάζειν, λαλεῖν, μαρτυρεῖν, μεριμνᾶν, παραινεῖν, παρακαλεῖν, παρατιθέναι παραβολήν, προσεύχεσθαι, προσφωνεῖν, προφητεύειν, συζητεῖν, συλλαλεῖν, φωνεῖν, ψευδομαρτυρεῖν; s. these entries. Also after such verbs as denote an action accompanied by a statement of some kind: ἄγγελος κυρίου … ἐφάνη αὐτῷ λέγων appeared to him and said Mt 1:20; cp. 2:13; προσεκύνει αὐτῷ λ. fell before him and said 8:2; 9:18; cp. 14:33. ἅπτεσθαι 8:3; 9:29. ἔρχεσθαι Mk 5:35; Lk 18:3; 19:18 al.; cp. Lk 1:66; 5:8; 8:38; 15:9; Ac 8:10, 19; 12:7; 27:23f; 1 Cor 11:25 al.ב. the content of a written document (2 Km 11:15; 4 Km 10:6.—1 Macc 8:31; 11:57; Jos., Ant. 11, 26) ἔγραψεν λέγων (=יִכְתֹּב לֵאמֹר) he wrote as follows Lk 1:63.ג. orders or instructions to be carried out by other persons: ἔπεμψεν λέγων he sent and had them say Lk 7:19. ἀπέστειλεν λ. (Judg 11:14f; Jdth 3:1; JosAs 3:2; ParJer 3:21 al.) Mt 22:16; 27:19; Lk 7:20; 19:14; J 11:3. If the persons carrying out the orders are named, the ptc. can refer to them Mt 22:16 v.l.ד. When it is used w. the ptc. λ. appears in its finite forms ἐμπαίζοντες ἔλεγον they mocked and said Mt 27:41. προσελθὼν αὐτῷ λέγει he approached him and said Mk 14:45. διαρρήξας … λέγει he tore his clothes as he said vs. 63; cp. vs. 67; 15:35; Lk 6:20; J 1:36; Hb 8:8a al.—Also pleonastically (TestSol 2:2; TestJob 23:4; cp. Homeric ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπε Il. 3, 437 al., προσηύδα 14, 270 al.) ἀποκριθεὶς λέγει he answered Mk 8:29b; 9:5, 19; 10:24; 11:22; Lk 3:11; 11:45; 13:8. κράξας λέγει he cried out Mk 5:7; 9:24 (cp. TestAbr B 6 p. 109, 29 [Stone p. 66] κράζων καὶ λέγων; ApcEsdr 1:2 κράξας λέγων).ι. Now and then short exprs. with λ. are inserted as parentheses (B-D-F §465, 2; Rob. 434): πολλοί, λέγω ὑμῖν, ζητήσουσιν many, I tell you, will seek Lk 13:24. ἐν ἀφροσύνῃ λέγω 2 Cor 11:21b. ὡς τέκνοις λέγω 6:13.κ. ptc. w. the article τὰ λεγόμενα what was said (EpArist 215, 298; TestSol 15:13; ApcEsdr 2:15; Jos., Ant. 3, 85; 207; Just., D. 46, 4; 115, 1) Lk 18:34. προσεῖχον τ. λεγομένοις ὑπὸ τ. Φιλίππου (προσέχω 2b) Ac 8:6 (προσέχ. τοῖς λεγ. as Jos., Ant. 13, 303; τὰ λ. ὑπό τινος as Bell. 7, 56; 423; Esth 3:3, also Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 24, p. 408, 19 ὑπὸ τῶν μάντεων; Fgm. 30 p. 417, 23 Jac.; Epict. 1, 18, 1; SIG 679, 87). τὰ ἢ λεχθέντα ἢ πραχθέντα (Ps.-Libanius, Charact. Ep. p. 48, 18; 64, 18; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 55) Papias (2:15) in Eus., HE 3, 39, 15 (=Geb., Harn., Zahn 15, p. 72, 17).② to express oneself in a specific way, sayⓐ ask w. direct question foll: Mt 9:14; 15:1; 18:1; Mk 5:30f. ὁ διδάσκαλος λέγει the Master asks 14:14. W. dat. of pers. and a direct question foll.: Mt 9:28a; 15:34; 16:15; 20:6.ⓑ answer (Lucian, Syr. Dea 18; TestSol 5:8 al.; ApcMos 5) Mt 17:25; Mk 8:24; J 1:21; 18:17b. W. dat. of pers. and direct discourse: Mt 4:10; 8:26; 9:28b; 14:17; 15:33; 18:22; 19:7, 20 al. W. dat of pers. and direct discourse introduced by ὅτι Mt 19:8.ⓒ order, command, direct, enjoin, recommend more or less emphatically (Syntipas p. 9, 4; Num 32:27; TestSol 4:7 D; TestAbr A 17 p. 98, 21 [Stone p. 44]) τὶ someth. 2 Cl 6:4. ἃ λέγω Lk 6:46. τί τινι command someone (to do) someth. ὅ τι ἂν λέγῃ ὑμῖν J 2:5b (TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 8 [Stone p. 10]); cp. Ac 21:23 (s. Num 32:31). ὅ ὑμῖν λέγω, πᾶσιν λέγω, γρηγορεῖτε the order I give to you I give to everyone: be on your guard! Mk 13:37 (for the formal nuance cp. reff. at end of this parag.). Gener. w. dat. of pers. and direct discourse foll.: Mt 5:44; 6:25; 8:4, 9; 26:52; Mk 3:3, 5; 5:8; 6:10; Lk 6:27; 7:8; J 2:7f. W. dat. of pers. and inf. foll.: Rv 10:9; 13:14; w. an inf. and a negative forbid (X., An. 7, 1, 40) Mt 5:34, 39.—Here belongs χαίρειν τινὶ λέγειν (Epict. 3, 22, 64) extend a greeting to someone, since the greeting consists in saying χαῖρε=‘may you prosper’ 2J 10f. W. ἵνα foll. recommend that, tell to τῷ λαῷ λέγων … ἵνα πιστεύσωσιν Ac 19:4. οὐ περὶ ἐκείνης λέγω ἵνα ἐρωτήσῃ I do not recommend that anyone should pray about that (sin) 1J 5:16. W. inf. foll.: Ro 2:22.—τάδε λέγει is the formal style of one who is giving an order (introductory formula for the edicts of the Persian kings [IMagnMai 115, 4]; in the OT a favorite method of introducing a prophetic statement [Thackeray p. 11]) Ac 21:11, 8, 12, 18; 3:1, 7, 14 (s. Gerhard, Philol. 64, 1905, 27ff; Thieme 23; GRudberg, Eranos 11, 1911, 177f; LLafoscade, De epistulis imperatorum 1902, 63 and 77. Roman edicts gener. use the simple λέγει as in the praescriptio of SEG IX, 8 I, 1–3 αὐτοκράτωρ Καίσαρ Σεβαστὸς … λέγει; also by Augustus: Jos., Ant., 16, 162; s. MBenner, The Emperor Says ’75).ⓓ assure, assert; w. direct discourse foll. Esp. in the formulas λέγω σοι, λ. ὑμῖν, ἀμὴν (ἀμὴν) λ. ὑμῖν (TestAbr A 8 p. 85, 19f [Stone p. 18]) Mt 11:22; 12:31; 19:24; 23:39; Mk 11:24; Lk 4:25; 7:9, 28; 9:27.—Mt 5:26; 6:2, 5; 8:10; Mk 3:28; 9:41; 10:15; Lk 4:24; 18:17, 29; 23:43; J 1:51; 3:3, 5, 11; 5:19, 24f; 6:26, 32 al.ⓔ maintain, declare, proclaim as teaching, w. direct discourse foll.: Gal 4:1; 1J 2:4. Foll. by acc. and inf. (X., Symp. 5, 5) Mt 22:23; Mk 12:18; Lk 20:41; 23:2b; Ro 15:8; 2 Ti 2:18. Foll. by ὅτι and direct discourse Mk 12:35b; 1 Cor 15:12. W. dat. of pers. and direct discourse after ὅτι Mt 5:20, 22, 28, 32; 8:11 al. Someth. like interpret εἰς w. ref. to Eph 5:32.—σὺ λέγεις (that is what) you maintain Mt 27:11; Mk 15:2; Lk 23:3 (cp. σὺ εἶπας Mt 26:25 and s. εἶπον 1a). Cp. also Lk 22:70; J 18:37 (s. OMerlier, RevÉtGr 46, ’33, 204–19; Goodsp., Probs. 64–68 [strong affirmative, yes]; MSmith, JBL 64, ’45, 506–10 [intentionally ambiguous, so you say, Tannaitic Parallels to the Gospels, ’51, 27–30]; DCatchpole, NTS 17, ’70/71, 213–26). τί λέγει ἡ γνῶσις; what does Gnosis teach about this? With the answer in direct discourse B 6:9 (cp. Epict. 3, 13, 11 καὶ τί λέγει [i.e., ὁ λόγος ὁ τῶν φιλοσόφων=philosophy]; direct discourse follows).ⓕ of written communications (Hdt. 3, 40; 122; 8, 140; UPZ 68, 5 [152 B.C.]; Jos., Ant. 13, 80) 1 Cor 6:5; 7:6; 15:51; 2 Cor 6:13; 8:8; Gal 5:2; Phil 4:11; Col 2:4; Phlm 21, al. in Paul.③ to inform about / tell of someth., speak, report (Diog. L. 1, 31) τινί to someone Mk 7:36. τὶ about someth. (X., Cyr. 1, 2, 16 νῦν λέξομεν τὰς Κύρου πράξεις) τὴν ἔξοδον αὐτοῦ of his death (lit., departure) Lk 9:31. τὰ περὶ τ. βασιλείας Ac 1:3. τὰ γινόμενα ὑπʼ αὐτῶν αἰσχρόν ἐστιν καὶ λέγειν it is a disgrace even to speak of the things they do Eph 5:12 (Demosth. 10, 27 ὸ̔ … οὔτε λέγειν ἄξιον). τινὶ περί τινος bring a report about someone to someone Mk 1:30; 8:30. Likew. τινί τινα Phil 3:18.④ to identify in a specific manner, call, name (Aeschyl. et al.) w. double acc. (Epict. 2, 19, 19 τί Στωικὸν ἔλεγες σεαυτόν; Diog. L. 8, 88 τὴν ἡδονὴν λέγειν τὸ ἀγαθόν=call pleasure the [real] good; 2 Macc 4:2; Just., D. 61, 1 ἀρχηστρατηγὸν ἑαυτὸν λέγει) τινά τι describe someone as someth. τί με λέγεις ἀγαθόν; why do you call me good? Mk 10:18; Lk 18:19. Δαυὶδ λέγει αὐτὸν κύριον David calls him Lord Mk 12:37. πατέρα ἴδιον ἔλεγεν τὸν θεόν he called God his Father J 5:18. οὐκέτι λέγω ὑμᾶς δούλους I no longer call you slaves 15:15; cp. Ac 10:28; Rv 2:20. Pass. be called, named Mt 13:55; Hb 11:24. ὁ λεγόμενος the so-called (Epict. 4, 1, 51 οἱ βασιλεῖς λεγόμενοι; Socrat., Ep. 14, 7 ὁ λ. θάνατος) λεγόμενοι θεοί so-called gods 1 Cor 8:5 (Herm. Wr. 2, 14 the λεγόμενοι θεοί in contrast to μόνος ὁ θεός. Somewhat differently Jos., Ant. 12, 125 Ἀντίοχος ὁ παρὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν θεὸς λεγόμενος). οἱ λεγόμενοι ἀκροβυστία ὑπὸ τῆς λ. περιτομῆς those who are called ‘the uncircumcised’ (i.e. gentiles) by the so-called circumcision (i.e. Jews) Eph 2:11. ὁ λεγόμενος (B-D-F §412, 2; Rob. 1107; cp. BGU 1117, 9 [13 B.C.]; PRyl 133, 11; 137, 19; 2 Macc 12:17; 14:6; 3 Macc 1:3; TestAbr B 13 p. 118, 14 [Stone p. 84]; TestJob 46:5; 47:1; Just., A I, 22, 1, D. 32, 1) who is called … Mt 1:16; 27:17; whose surname is (Appian, Liby. 49 §213 Ἄννων ὁ μέγας λεγόμενος; Jos., Ant. 13, 370, Vi. 4) 10:2; Col 4:11; by name Mt 9:9; 26:3, 14; 27:16; Mk 15:7; Lk 22:47; J 9:11.—Of things: of the name of a star Rv 8:11. Of place-names (BGU 326, 19 [II A.D.]; 2 Macc 9:2; 12:21) Mt 2:23; 26:36; J 4:5; 11:54; 19:13; Ac 3:2; 6:9; Hb 9:3. Of the local, vernacular name λ. Ἑβραϊστί J 5:2 v.l.; 19:17b.—In the transl. of foreign words (which) means: ὅ ἐστιν κρανίου τόπος λεγόμενος which means ‘Place of a Skull’ Mt 27:33b. Cp. also J 4:25; 11:16; 20:24; 21:2. Also ὸ̔ λέγεται 20:16. ὸ̔ λ. μεθερμηνευόμενον which, when translated, means 1:38. ἣ διερμηνευομένη λέγεται Ac 9:36.—Other exx. of the significance mean (Aeschyl. et al.) are Gal 4:1; 2 Cl 6:4; 8:6 Cp. 1bβ.—B. 1253f; 1257; 1277. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. S. λόγος, ῥῆμα, λαλέω. -
2 λέγω
+ V 1031-1852-732-492-503=4610 Gn 1,3.6.9.11.14to say (often a ptc. introducing dir. speech) Gn 1,22; to say that, to assert that [+inf.] Gn 38,22; to say to, to speak to [πρός τινα] Gn 19,5; id. [τινι] Gn 23,3; id. [ἐνώπιόν τινος] DnTh 6,14; id. [ἐναντίον τινός]Ex 6,30; to say [τι] Gn 45,9to call so and so [τινα +pred.] 2 Mc 4,2; to order, to command [abs.] Nm 32,27; id. [πρός τινα] Jos 5,15; to tell or command one to do [τινι +inf.] Ex 5,16; to mean [τι] 2 Mc 14,7; to plead before [ἐπί τινος] 2 Mc 4,47ἔγραψεν λέγων he wrote as follows 2 Sm 11,15; ὁ λεγόμενος the so-called (by pers., cities, etc.) 2 Mc 9,2; ἡ λέγουσα ἐν καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς she that says in her heart, she that says to herself Zph 2,15; τὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως λεγόμενα commands of the king Est 3,3; τὰ λεχθέντα ὑπὸ κυρίου words that have been spokenby the Lord Jos 24,27; λέγει ὁ νόμος the law says 4 Mc 2,5; λέγω I mean (as interj., without influence on the construction) 4 Mc 1,2*Jb 41,1 ἐπὶ τοῖς λεγομένοις at the things said-אל־אמריו for MT אל־מראיו by the sight of himsee ἐρῶ and εἶπονCf. BARR 1961, 212; DORIVAL 1994, 485; HELBING 1907 62; 1928 117-120; WEVERS 1993, 12;→NIDNTT; TWNT(→ἀναλέγω, ἀντιλέγω, ἀπολέγω, διαλέγω, ἐκλέγω, ἐπιλέγω, καταλέγω, προσαναλέγω, συλλέγω,,) see εἶπον -
3 φημί
φημί,Aφῄς, φηις PCair.Zen.316.1
(iii B. C.), PSI7.846.7 (Pap. of Ar. (?), ii/iii A. D.), cf. Hdn.Gr.2.147, 419; φησί (apocop.φή Anacr.40
); pl. φᾰμέν, φᾰτέ, φᾱσί; [dialect] Dor. [full] φᾱμί, φᾱσί or φᾱτί (Ar.Ach. 771, Anon. in PSI9.1091.11, 18), [ per.] 3pl. φαντί; [dialect] Aeol. [full] φᾶμι Sapph.32, [ per.] 2sg.φαῖσθα Alc.Supp.20.6
, [ per.] 3sg. φαῖσι ib.26.5, Sapph.66, [ per.] 3pl.φαῖσι Sapph. Supp.5.2
: [tense] aor. 2 ἔφην, [dialect] Ep.φῆν Il.18.326
;ἔφησθα 1.397
, al., Ar.Lys. 132, X.An.1.6.7, Pl.Cra. 438a, Aeschin.3.164, etc. (rarelyἔφης Il.22.280
, X.Cyr.4.1.23), [dialect] Ep.φῆσθα Il.21.186
, Od.14.149 (v.l. φῇσθα), φῆς Il.5.473
, Od.7.239 (v.l.); ἔφη, [dialect] Ep. φῆ, [dialect] Dor.φᾶ Pi.I.2.11
; [ per.] 1pl.ἔφᾰμεν Isoc.3.26
(ἔφημεν A.D.Adv.184.7
, Gal.1.158, Papp.524.16, Choerob. in Theod.2.341 H.); [ per.] 2pl.ἔφᾰτε And.2.25
; [ per.] 3pl. ἔφασαν, [dialect] Ep.φάσαν Il.2.278
, also ἔφᾰν, φάν, 3.161, 6.108; imper. φαθί (on the accent v. Hdn.Gr.1.431, al., A.D.Synt.264.4; φάθι is found in codd. of Pl. Grg. 475e, al.); subj. φῶ, φῇς, φῇ, [dialect] Ep.φῇσιν Od.1.168
,φήῃ 11.128
, 23.275; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3pl. subj.φᾶντι Tab.Heracl.1.116
; opt. φαίην, [ per.] 1pl.φαῖμεν Il.2.81
, 24.222, Pi.N.7.87, [ per.] 3pl.φαῖεν Th.3.68
, etc.; inf. φάναι, Hdt.1.27, etc., poet.φάμεν Pi.N.8.19
; part.φάς Il.9.35
, Hdt.1.63, 141, SIG279.18 (Zeleia, iv B. C.),φᾶσα Hdt.6.135
, pl.φάντες Il.3.44
, 14.126, Pl.Alc.2.139b: [tense] fut. φήσω, [dialect] Dor. , etc.; [ per.] 1pl.φασοῦμες Diotog.
ap. Stob.4.1.133: [tense] aor. 1ἔφησα Cratin.
in PSI11.1212.9, Hdt.3.153, PCair.Zen.19.3 (iii B. C.) ( ἔφασεν is dub. ib.140.7); [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3sg.φᾶσε Pi.N.1.66
; [ per.] 2sg. subj. ([dialect] Dor.) φάσῃς [ᾱ] Simon.32 ( φήσῃς etc. codd. Stob., corr. Bgk.); opt.φήσειε Hdt.6.69
, A.Pr. 503, part.φήσας X.Mem.3.11.1
, Isoc.12.239, inf.φῆσαι Thphr. Char.2.7
:—[voice] Med. (chiefly poet. in early writers), [tense] impf. and [tense] aor. 2 ἐφάμην, ἔφατο (also SIG437.6 (Delph., iii B. C.), PCair.Zen.343.8 (iii B. C.), PSI4.437.8 (iii B. C.), Parth.4.5, etc.), [dialect] Ep.φάτο Il.20.262
,φάσθε Od.6.200
, 10.562, ἔφαντο, [dialect] Ep.φάντο 24.460
; imper.φάο 16.168
, 18.171, φάσθω, φάσθε; inf. φάσθαι; part. φάμενος (also Archim. Spir. Prooem., Eratosth.Prooem., SIG364.83 (Ephesus, iii B. C.), PCair.Zen.236.4 (iii B. C.), PHamb.4.14 (i A. D.), J.AJ17.12.2, Gal. 6.228, etc.): [dialect] Dor. [tense] fut. φάσομαι [ᾱ] Pi.N.9.43:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. [ per.] 3sg.πέφαται A.R.2.500
; [ per.] 3sg. imper. ; but part.πεφασμένος Il.14.127
, A.Pr. 843 shd. be referred to φαίνω: [tense] aor. ἐφάθην ([etym.] ἀπ-, κατ-) Arist.Int. 18b39. The [tense] pres. indic. φημί is enclit., exc. in [ per.] 2sg. [tense] pres. φῄς: φαμέν is [ per.] 1pl. [tense] pres., φάμεν poet. inf.: φαντί is [ per.] 3pl., φάντι part.II φάσκω supplied all moods of [tense] pres. except the indic., also [tense] impf. ἔφασκον; cf. ἠμί. [ᾰ, except in φᾱσι, and in masc. and fem. part. φάς, φᾶσα: in inf. φάναι ᾰ always; φᾶναι is corrupt in Eub.119.11 codd. Ath.]:—say, affirm, assert, either abs., or folld. by inf., e. g. Λυσίθευς Μικίωνα φιλῖν ( = -εῖν)φησι IG12.924
, cf. 57.48, or acc. et inf.; the inf. is freq. omitted, σὲ κακὸν καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φήσει (sc. εἶναι) Il.8.153; also Κορινθίους τί φῶμεν; what shall we say of them? X.HG3.5.12;φ. πρός τινα, πρὸς ξεῖνον φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ' ἐπακοῦσαι Od.17.584
: less freq. c. dat.,αὐτοῖς Ev.Matt.13.28
; κατά τινος φ. to speak against him, X.Ap.25: sts. folld. by ὡς, Lys.7.19, v.l. in X. HG6.3.7; by ὅτι, Pl.Grg. 487d, Corn.ND30; by an interrog. clause, l.c.; by part., dub. in Pl. Grg. 481c (fort. leg. θῶμεν); also parenthetic,τίνες, φῄς, ἦσαν οἱ λόγοι; Pl.Phd. 59c
.b since what one says commonly expresses a belief or opinion, think, deem, suppose,φῆ γὰρ ὅ γ' αἱρήσειν Πριάμου πόλιν Il. 2.37
; φαίης κε ζάκοτόν τέ τιν' ἔμμεναι ἄφρονά τε you would say, would think, he was.., 3.220; ἶσον ἐμοὶ φάσθαι to say he is (i. e. fancy himself) equal to me, 1.187, 15.167; μὴ.. φαθὶ λεύσσειν think not that you see, Theoc.22.56; τί φῄς; what say you? i.e. what think you? (v. infr. 11.5);λέγ' ἀνύσας ὅ τι φῄς Ar.Pl. 349
:—so φ. δεῖν, φ. χρῆναι, deem it right, And.3.34, Isoc.3.48.c say, i.e. write, of an author,ὡς ἔφημεν Gal.1.158
, etc.—The [voice] Med. has all these senses as well as the [voice] Act.II Special Phrases:1 φασί, they say, it is said, Il.5.638, Od.6.42, etc.; parenthetically, Arist.EN 1109a35, Men.Epit. 223, etc.: Prose writers use φησί when quoting, D.23.89, etc.; φησίν saith He, 1 Ep.Cor.6.16; esp. of an opponent's objection, Plu.2.112c; even after a plural,ὅ τοίνυν μέγιστον ἔχειν οἴονται.. καὶ αὐτός, φησί, τῶν εἰσιόντων ἦσθα Lib.Or.52.39
; "τὸν δὲ μετ' εἰσενόησα, ἔφη Ὅμηρος as H. said, Pl.Prt. 315b.2 joined with a synon. Verb, ἔφη λέγων, ἔφησε λέγων, Hdt.3.156, 6.137, etc.;ἔλεγε φάς Id.1.122
; λέγει οὐδέν, φαμένη .. Id.2.22;τί ἐροῦμεν ἢ τί φήσομεν; D.8.37
, cf. 25.100;τί φῶ; τί λέξω; E.Hel. 483
.3 in repeating dialogues the Verb commonly goes before its subject, ἔφην ἐγώ, ἔφη ὁ Σωκράτης, said I, said S., but the order is sts. inverted, ἐγὼ ἔφην, ὁ Σωκράτης ἔφη, I said, S. said.4 inserted parenthetically, though the sentence has been introduced by λέγει, εἶπεν, etc.,ὁ Ἰσχόμαχος.. εἶπεν· ἀλλὰ παίζεις μὲν σύ γε, ἔφη X.Oec.17.10
, cf. Pl.Chrm. 164e;ἡ κρίσις.. διαρρήδην λέγει διότι, φησίν, ἔδοξε τἀληθῆ εἰσαγγεῖλαι Lys.13.50
.5τί φημί; S.OT 1471
, andτί φῄς; Ph. 804
, E.Hel. 706 (dub.), are used extra metrum, as exclamations.6 κυριώτατα φάναι, in parenthesis, strictly speaking, Ph.2.374; ὡς οὕτω φάναι, = ὡς εἰπεῖν, ἅπασαι ὡς οὕτω φάναι practically all, Gal.Vict.Att.9; συνελόντα (v.l. -όντι) φάναι, = συνελόντι εἰπεῖν, Id.16.502.III like κατάφημι, say yes, affirm, assert, καὶ τοὺς φάναι and they said yes, Hdt.8.88;καί φημι κἀπόφημι S.OC 317
;ἔγωγέ φημι Pl. Grg. 526c
;φάναι τε καὶ ἀπαρνεῖσθαι Id.Tht. 165a
: c. inf.,φῂς ἢ καταρνεῖ μὴ δεδρακέναι τάδε; S.Ant. 442
; but οὔ φημι means say no, deny, refuse, c. inf., ἡ Πυθίη οὐκ ἔφη χρήσειν said she would not.., Hdt.1.19, cf. 8.2;οὐκ ἔφασαν ἐπιτρέψαι Lys.13.15
, 47 (leg. - τρέψειν): c. acc. et inf., , cf. Hdt.2.63: abs., κἂν μὲν μὴ φῇ if he says no, Ar.Av. 555 (anap.); ἢ φάθι ἢ μὴ ἃ ἐρωτῶ answer me yes or no, Pl.Grg. 475e; so in answers, φημί or yes,Id.
Phdr. 270c, al., Grg. 500e; οὐκ ἔφη he said no, Id.Phd. 118a.— In this sense [dialect] Att. writers, besides [tense] pres., mostly use [tense] fut. φήσω and [tense] aor. ἔφησα, but in [tense] impf., inf., and part. [tense] pres., to avoid ambiguity, they prefer ἔφασκον, φάσκειν, φάσκων (v. φάσκω): φάναι is distd. fr. φάσκειν, e.g. ἔφη σπουδάζειν he said he was in haste, ἔφασκε σπουδάζειν he alleged he was in haste; but ἔφησθα is found in this sense, X.An.1.6.7.IV command, order,ἔφην τῷ Ὀρθοβούλῳ ἐξαλεῖψαί με Lys.16.13
(so ἔφασαν, v. l. for ἔφρασαν in X.Cyr.4.6.11). -
4 ἴττω
A be witness! says Cebes the Theban in Pl.Phd. 62a; Θήβαθεν ἴττω Δεύς, and ἴττω Ἡρακλῆς, says the Boeotian in Ar.Ach. 911, 860, cf. Pl.Ep. 345a. -
5 ὁ
ὁ, [full] ἡ, τό, is, when thus written,A demonstr. Pronoun.B in [dialect] Att., definite or prepositive Article.C in [dialect] Ep., the so-called postpositive Article, = relative Pronoun, ὅς, ἥ, ὅ.—The nom. masc. and fem. sg. and pl., ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ, have no accent in codd. and most printed books, exc. when used as the relative ; but ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ differ only in writing from ὃ, ἣ, οἳ, αἳ ; the nom. forms of the article are said by Hdn.Gr.1.474 to be oxytone, and by A.D.Pron.8.7 not to be enclitic. The forms τῶν, τοῖς, ταῖς were barytone (i. e. τὼν, τοὶς, ταὶς ) in [dialect] Aeol. acc. to Aristarch. ap. A.D.Synt.51.26. For οἱ, αἱ some dialects (not Cypr., cf. Inscr.Cypr.135.30H., nor Cret., cf.Leg.Gort. 5.28, nor Lesbian, cf. Alc.81, Sapph.Supp.5.1 ) and Hom. have τοί, ταί (though οἱ, αἱ are also found in Hom.): other Homeric forms are gen. sg. τοῖο, gen. and dat. dualτοῖιν Od.18.34
, al.: gen. pl. fem. τάων [pron. full] [ᾱ], dat. τοῖσι, τῇς and τῇσι, never ταῖσι or ταῖς in Hom.— In [dialect] Dor. and all other dialects exc. [dialect] Att. and [dialect] Ion. the fem. forms preserve the old [pron. full] ᾱ instead of changing it to η, hence [dialect] Dor. etc. ἁ, τάν, τᾶς ; the gen. pl. τάων contracts in many dialects to τᾶν ; the gen. sg. is in many places τῶ, acc. pl. τώς, but Cret., etc., τόνς (Leg.Gort.7.7, al.) or τός (ib.3.50, al.) ; in Lesbian [dialect] Aeol. the acc. pl. forms are τοὶς, ταὶς, IG12(2).645 A13, B62 ; dat. pl. τοῖς, ταῖς (or τοὶς, ταὶς, v. supr.), ib.645 A8, ib.1.6 ; ταῖσι as demonstr., Sapph. 16. The [dialect] Att. Poets also used the [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. forms τοῖσι, ταῖσι ; and in Trag. we find τοὶ μέν.., τοὶ δέ.., for οἱ μέν.., οἱ δέ.., not only in lyr., as A.Pers. 584, Th. 295, 298 ;οἱ μέν.. τοὶ δ' S.Aj. 1404
(anap.) ; but even in a trimeter, A.Pers. 424. In [dialect] Att. the dual has usu. only one gender, τὼ θεώ (for τὰ θεά) And.1.113 sq. ; τὼ πόλεε Foed. ap. Th.5.23 ;τὼ ἡμέρα X.Cyr.1.2.11
;τὼ χεῖρε Id.Mem.2.3.18
;τοῖν χεροῖν Pl.Tht. 155e
;τοῖν γενεσέοιν Id.Phd. 71e
;τοῖν πολέοιν Isoc.4.75
(τά S.Ant. 769, Ar.Eq. 424, 484,ταῖν Lys.19.17
, Is.5.16, etc. have been corrected) ; in Arc. the form τοῖς functions as gen. dual fem., (Orchom., iv B.C.):—in Elean and [dialect] Boeot. ὁ, ἡ (ἁ), τό, with the addition of -ί, = ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε, nom.pl. masc. τυΐ the following men, Schwyzer485.14 (Thespiae, iii B.C.), al., cf. infr. VIII. 5. (With ὁ, ἁ, cf. Skt. demonstr. pron. sa, sā, Goth. sa, sō, ONorse sá, sú, Old Lat. acc. sum, sam (Enn.): —with τό [from Τόδ] cf. Skt. tat (tad), Lat. is-tud, Goth. pata: —with τοί cf. Skt. te, Lith. tĩe, OE. pá, etc.:—with τάων cf. Skt. tāsām, Lat. is-tarum:— the origin of the relative ὅς, ἥ, ὅ (q. v.) is different.)A ὁ, ἡ, τό, DEMONSTR. PRONOUN, that, the oldest and in Hom. the commonest sense: freq. also in Hdt. (1.86,5.35,al.), and sts. in Trag. (mostly in lyr., A.Supp. 1047, etc.; in trimeters, Id.Th. 197, Ag.7, Eu. 174 ; τῶν γάρ.., τῆς γάρ.., Id.Supp. 358, S.OT 1082 ; seldom in [dialect] Att. Prose, exc. in special phrases, v. infr. VI, VII):I joined with a Subst., to call attention to it, ὁ Τυδεΐδης he—Tydeus' famous son, Il. 11.660; τὸν Χρύσην that venerable man Chryses, I.II: and so with Appellat., Νέστωρ ὁ γέρων N.— thataged man, 7.324 ; αἰετοῦ.. τοῦ θηρητῆρος the eagle, that which is called hunter, 21.252, al. ; also to define and give emphasis, τιμῆς τῆς Πριάμου for honour, namely that of Priam, 20.181 ; οἴχετ' ἀνὴρ ὤριστος a man is gone, and he the best, 11.288, cf. 13.433, al.: sts. with words between the Pron. and Noun,αὐτὰρ ὁ αὖτε Πέλοψ 2.105
;τὸν Ἕκτορι μῦθον ἐνίσπες 11.186
, cf. 703, al.:—different from this are cases like Il.1.409 αἴ κέν πως ἐθέλῃσιν ἐπὶ Τρώεσσιν ἀρῆξαι, τοὺς δὲ κατὰ πρύμνας τε καὶ ἀμφ' ἅλα ἔλσαι Ἀχαιούς if he would help the Trojans, but drive those back to the ships— I mean the Achaeans, where Ἀχ. is only added to explain τούς, cf. 1.472, 4.20, 329, al.II freq. without a Subst., he, she, it,ὁ γὰρ ἦλθε Il.1.12
, al.III placed after its Noun, before the Relat. Prons., ἐφάμην σὲ περὶ φρένας ἔμμεναι ἄλλων, τῶν ὅσσοι Λυκίην ναιετάουσι far above the rest, above those to wit who, etc., Il.17.172 ; οἷ' οὔ πώ τιν' ἀκούομεν οὐδὲ παλαιῶν, τάων αἳ πάρος ἦσαν.. Ἀχαιαί such as we have not heard tell of yet even among the women of old, those women to wit who.., Od.2.119, cf. Il.5.332 ;θάλαμον τὸν ἀφίκετο, τόν ποτε τέκτων ξέσσεν Od.21.43
, cf. 1.116, 10.74 :—for the [dialect] Att. usage v. infr.IV before a Possessive Pron. its demonstr. force is sts. very manifest, φθίσει σε τὸ σὸν μένος that spirit of thine, Il.6.407, cf. 11.608 ; but in 15.58, 16.40, and elsewh. it is merely the Art.V for cases in which the Homeric usage approaches most nearly to the Attic, v. infr. B. init.VI ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ.. without a Subst., in all cases, genders, and numbers, Hom., etc.: sts. in Opposition, where ὁ μέν prop. refers to the former, ὁ δέ to the latter ; more rarely ὁ μέν the latter, the former,Pl.
Prt. 359e, Isoc.2.32,34: sts. in Partition, the one.., the other.., etc.—The Noun with it is regularly in gen. pl., being divided by the ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ.., into parts,ἠΐθεοι καὶ παρθένοι.., τῶν δ' αἱ μὲν λεπτὰς ὀθόνας ἔχον, οἱ δὲ χιτῶνας εἵατο Il.18.595
;τῶν πόλεων αἱ μὲν τυραννοῦνται, αἱ δὲ δημοκρατοῦνται, αἱ δὲ ἀριστοκρατοῦνται Pl.R. 338d
, etc.: but freq. the Noun is in the same case, by a kind of apposition,ἴδον υἷε Δάρητος, τὸν μὲν ἀλευάμενον τὸν δὲ κτάμενον Il.5.28
, cf. Od.12.73, etc.: so in Trag. and [dialect] Att., S.Ant. 22, etc. ;πηγὴ ἡ μὲν εἰς αὐτὸν ἔδυ, ἡ δὲ ἔξω ἀπορρεῖ Pl.Phdr. 255c
; if the Noun be collective, it is in the gen. sg.,ὁ μὲν πεπραμένος ἦν τοῦ σίτου, ὁ δὲ ἔνδον ἀποκείμενος D.42.6
: sts. a Noun is added in apposition with ὁ μέν orὁ δέ, ὁ μὲν οὔτασ' Ἀτύμνιον ὀξέϊ δουρὶ Ἀντίλοχος.., Μάρις δὲ.. Il.16.317
-19, cf. 116 ;τοὺς μὲν τὰ δίκαια ποιεῖν ἠνάγκασα, τοὺς πλουσίους, τοὺς δὲ πένητας κτλ. D.18.102
, cf. Pl.Grg. 501a, etc.2 when a neg. accompanies ὁ δέ, it follows δέ, e.g. ;τὸν φιλόσοφον σοφίας ἐπιθυμητὴν εἶναι, οὐ τῆς μὲν τῆς δ' οὔ, ἀλλὰ πάσης Pl.R. 475b
;οὐ πάσας χρὴ τὰς δόξας τιμᾶν, ἀλλὰ τὰς μὲν τὰς δ' οὔ· οὐδὲ πάντων, ἀλλὰ τῶν μὲν τῶν δ' οὔ Id.Cri. 47a
, etc.3 ὁ μέν τις.., ὁ δέ τις.. is used in Prose, when the Noun to which ὁ refers is left indefinite,ἔλεγον ὁ μέν τις τὴν σοφίαν, ὁ δὲ τὴν καρτερίαν.., ὁ δέ τις καὶ τὸ κάλλος X.Cyr.3.1.41
;νόμους.. τοὺς μὲν ὀρθῶς τιθέασιν τοὺς δέ τινας οὐκ ὀρθῶς Pl.R. 339c
, cf. Phlb. 13c.4 on τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ.., or τὰ μέν.., τὰ δέ.., v. infr. VIII.4.5 ὁ μέν is freq. used without a correspondingὁ δέ, οἱ μὲν ἄρ' ἐσκίδναντο.., Μυρμιδόνας δ' οὐκ εἴα ἀποσκίδνασθαι Il.23.3
, cf. 24.722, Th.8.12, etc.: also folld. byἀλλά, ἡ μὲν γάρ μ' ἐκέλευε.., ἀλλ' ἐγὼ οὐκ ἔθελον Od.7.304
; by ἄλλος δέ, Il.6.147, etc. ;τὸν μὲν.., ἕτερον δέ Ar.Av. 843
, etc. ;ὁ μέν.., ὃς δέ.. Thgn.205
(v.l. οὐδέ): less freq. ὁ δέ in the latter clause without ὁ μέν preceding, τῇ ῥα παραδραμέτην φεύγων, ὁ δ' ὄπισθε διώκων (for ὁ μὲν φεύγων) Il.22.157 ;σφραγῖδε.. χρυσοῦν ἔχουσα τὸν δακτύλιον, ἡ δ' ἑτέρα ἀργυροῦν IG22.1388.45
, cf.μέν D.
III ;γεωργὸς μὲν εἷς, ὁ δὲ οἰκοδόμος, ἄλλος δέ τις ὑφαντής Pl.R. 369d
, cf. Tht. 181d.6 ὁ δέ following μέν sts. refers to the subject of the preceding clause,τοῦ μὲν ἅμαρθ', ὁ δὲ Λεῦκον.. βεβλήκει Il. 4.491
;τὴν μὲν γενομένην αὐτοῖσι αἰτίην οὐ μάλα ἐξέφαινε, ὁ δὲ ἔλεγέ σφι Hdt.6.3
, cf. 1.66,6.9, 133,7.6 : rare in [dialect] Att. Prose,ἐπεψήφιζεν αὐτὸς ἔφορος ὤν· ὁ δὲ οὐκ ἔφη διαγιγνώσκειν τὴν βοήν Th.1.87
;ἔμενον ὡς κατέχοντες τὸ ἄκρον· οἱ δ' οὐ κατεῖχον X.An.4.2.6
: this is different from ὁ δέ in apodosi, v. infr. 7 ; also from passages in which both clauses have a common verb, v. ὅ γε 11.7 ὁ δέ is freq. used simply in continuing a narrative, Il.1.43, etc.; also used by Hom. in apodosi after a relat., v. ὅδε 111.3.8 the opposition may be expressed otherwise than by μέν andδέ, οὔθ' ὁ.. οὔθ' ὁ Il.15.417
;ἢ τοῖσιν ἢ τοῖς A.Supp. 439
;οὔτε τοῖς οὔτε τοῖς Pl.Lg. 701e
.VII the following usages prevailed in [dialect] Att. Prose,1 in dialogue, after καί, it was usual to say in nom. sg. masc. καὶ ὅς ; in the other cases the usual forms of the Art. were used (v.ὅς A.
II.I and cf. Skt. sas, alternat. form of sa) ; so, in acc.,καὶ τὸν εἰπεῖν Pl.Smp. 174a
, cf. X.Cyr.1.3.9, etc.; also in Hdt.,καὶ τὴν φράσαι 6.61
, al.2 ὁ καὶ ὁ such and such,τῇ καὶ τῇ ἀτιμίᾳ Pl.Lg. 721b
: but mostly in acc.,καί μοι κάλει τὸν καὶ τόν Lys.1.23
, cf. Pl.Lg. 784d ;τὰ καὶ τὰ πεπονθώς D.21.141
, cf. 9.68 ;τὸ καὶ τό Id.18.243
; ἀνάγκη ἄρα τὸ καὶ τό it must then be so and so, Arist.Rh. 1401a4, cf. 1413a22 ; but τὰ καὶ τά now one thing, now another, of good and bad, , cf. Pi.P.5.55,7.20, al.;τῶν τε καὶ τῶν καιρόν Id.O. 2.53
; so πάντα τοῦ μετρίου μεταβαλλόμενα ἐπὶ τὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τά, of excess and defect, Hp.Acut.46 ; cf. A. VI.8.VIII abs. usages of single cases,1 fem. dat. τῇ, of Place, there, on that spot, here, this way, that way, Il.5.752, 858, al.: folld. by ᾗ, 13.52, etc.: also in Prose,τὸ μὲν τῇ, τὸ δὲ τῇ X.Ath.2.12
.b with a notion of motion towards, that way, in that direction, Il.10.531,11.149, 12.124 ;τῇ ἴμεν ᾗ.. 15.46
; :—only poet.c of Manner, in this way, thus,Od.
8.510.d repeated, τῇ μέν.., τῇ δέ.., in one way.., in another.., or partly.., partly.., E.Or. 356, Pl.Smp. 211a, etc.: withoutμέν, τῇ μᾶλλον, τῇ δ' ἧσσον Parm.8.48
.e relat., where, by which way, only [dialect] Ep., as Il.12.118, Od.4.229.2 neut. dat. τῷ, therefore, on this account, freq. in Hom., Il.1.418, 2.254, al. (v. infr.): also in Trag., A.Pr. 239, S.OT 510 (lyr.) ; in Prose,τῷ τοι.. Pl.Tht. 179d
, Sph. 230b.b thus, so, Il.2.373, 13.57, etc.: it may also, esp. when εἰ precedes, be translated, then, if this be so, on this condition, Od.1.239,3.224, 258,al., Theoc.29.11.—In Hom. the true form is prob. τῶ, as in cod. A, or τώ, cf. A.D.Adv.199.2.3 neut. acc. τό, wherefore, Il.3.176, Od.8.332, al., S.Ph. 142(lyr.) ; also τὸ δέ abs., but the fact is.., Pl.Ap. 23a, Men. 97c, Phd. 109d, Tht. 157b, R. 340d, Lg. 967a ; even when the τό refers to what precedes, the contrast may lie not in the thing referred to, but in another part of the sentence (cf. supr. VI. 6),τὸ δ' ἐπὶ κακουργίᾳ.. ἐπετήδευσαν Th.1.37
;τὸ δὲ.. ἡμῖν μᾶλλον περιέσται Id.2.89
; φασὶ δέ τινες αὐτὸν καὶ τῶν ἑπτὰ σοφῶν γεγονέναι· τὸ δὲ οὐκ ἦν but he was not, Nic.Dam.58J.4 τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ.., partly.., partly.., or on the one hand.., on the other.., Th.7.36, etc., cf.Od.2.46 ; more freq. τὰ μέν.., τὰ δέ.., Hdt.1.173, S.Tr. 534, etc.; alsoτὰ μέν τι.., τὰ δέ τι.. X.An.4.1.14
;τὸ μέν τι.., τὸ δέ τι.. Luc.Macr.14
;τὰ μέν.., τὸ δὲ πλέον.. Th.1.90
: sts. without τὸ μέν.. in the first clause,τὸ δέ τι Id.1.107
,7.48 : rarely of Time, τὰ μὲν πολλὰ.., τέλος δέ several times.. and finally, Hdt.3.85.5 of Time, sts. that time, sts. this (present) time, συνμαχία κ' ἔα ἑκατὸν ϝέτεα, ἄρχοι δέ κα τοΐ (where it is possible, but not necessary, to supply ϝέτος) SIG9.3 (Olympia, vi B.C.): so with Preps., ἐκ τοῦ, [dialect] Ep. τοῖο, from that time, Il.1.493,15.601.b πρὸ τοῦ, sts. written προτοῦ, before this, aforetime, Hdt.1.103, 122,5.55, A.Ag. 1204, Ar.Nu.5, etc.;ἐν τῷ πρὸ τοῦ χρόνῳ Th.1.32
, cf. A.Eu. 462 ;τὸ πρὸ τοῦ D.S.20.59
.c in Thess. Prose, ὑππρὸ τᾶς yesterday, τὰ ψαφίσματα τό τε ὑππρὸ τᾶς γενόμενον καὶ τὸ τᾶμον the decree which was passed yesterday (lit. before this [day]), and to-day's, IG9(2).517.43 (Larissa, iii B.C.).6 ἐν τοῖς is freq. used in Prose with Superlatives, ἐν τοῖσι θειότατον a most marvellous thing, Hdt.7.137 ; ἐν τοῖς πρῶτοι the very first, Th.1.6, etc.; ἐν τοῖσι πρῶτος ( πρώτοις codd.) Pherecr.145.4 ; [Ζεὺς] Ἔρωτά τε καὶ Ἀνάγκην ἐν τοῖς πρῶτα ἐγέννησεν first of all, Aristid. Or.43(1).16, cf. 37(2).2: when used with fem. Nouns, ἐν τοῖς remained without change of gender, ἐν τοῖς πλεῖσται δὴ νῆες the greatest number of ships, Th.3.17; ἐν τοῖς πρώτη ἐγένετο (sc. ἡ στάσις) ib.82 : also with Advbs.,ἐν τοῖς μάλιστα Id.8.90
, Pl.Cri. 52a, Plu.2.74e, 421d, 723e, Brut.6, 11,al., Paus.1.16.3, etc.;ἐν τοῖς χαλεπώτατα Th.7.71
; : in late Prose, also with Positives,ἐν τοῖς παράδοξον Aristid.Or.48(24).47
codd.; withπάνυ, ἐν τοῖς πάνυ D.H.1.19
, cf. 66 ( ἐν ταῖς πάνυ f.l. 4.14,15).B ὁ, ἡ, τό, THE DEFINITE ARTICLE, the, to specify individuals: rare in this signf. in the earliest Gr., becoming commoner later. In Hom. the demonstr. force can generally be traced, v. supr. A. I, but the definite Art. must be recognized in places like Il.1.167,7.412, 9.309, 12.289, Od.19.372 : also when joined to an Adj. to make it a Subst., the hindmost man,Il.
11.178 ;τὸν ἄριστον 17.80
;τὸν δύστηνον 22.59
;τὸν προὔχοντα 23.325
; τῷ πρώτῳ.., τῷ δευτέρῳ.., etc., ib. 265sq. ; also inτῶν ἄλλων 2.674
, al.: with Advs.,τὸ πρίν 24.543
, al.;τὸ πάρος περ 17.720
;τὸ πρόσθεν 23.583
; also τὸ τρίτον ib. 733 ;τὰ πρῶτα 1.6
,al.; τὸ μὲν ἄλλο for the rest, 23.454 ;ἀνδρῶν τῶν τότε 9.559
.—The true Art., however, is first fully established in fifth-cent. [dialect] Att., whilst the demonstr. usage disappears, exc. in a few cases, V. A. VI-VIII.—Chief usages, esp. in [dialect] Att.I not only with common Appellats., Adjs., and Parts., to specify them as present to sense or mind, but also freq. where we use the Possessive Pron.,τὸ κέαρ ηὐφράνθην Ar.Ach.5
; τὴν κεφαλὴν κατεάγην my head was broken, And.1.61, etc. ; τοὺς φίλους ποιούμεθα we make our friends, S.Ant. 190 ; τὰς πόλεις ἔκτιζον they began founding their cities, Th.1.12; .b omitted with pr.nn.and freq. with Appellats. which require no specification, as θεός, βασιλεύς, v. θεός 1.1, βασιλεύς III ; ἐμ πόλει in the Acropolis, IG12.4.1, al.: but added to pr. nn., when attention is to be called to the previous mention of the person, as Th. (3.70 ) speaks first of Πειθίας and then refers to him repeatedly as ὁ Π.; cf. Θράσυλος in Id.8.104, with ὁ Θ. ib. 105 ; or when the person spoken of is to be specially distinguished, Ζεύς, ὅστις ὁ Ζεύς whoever this Zeus is, E.Fr. 480 ; and therefore properly omitted when a special designation follows, as Σωκράτης ὁ φιλόσοφος: seldom in Trag. with pr. nn., save to give pecul. emphasis, like Lat. ille, ὁ Λάϊος, ὁ Φοῖβος, S.OT 729, El.35, etc.: later, however, the usage became very common (the Homeric usage of ὁ with a pr. n. is different, v. A.I).c Aristotle says Σωκράτης meaning the historical Socrates, as in SE183b7, PA642a28, al., but ὁ Σωκράτης when he means the Platonic Socrates, as Pol.1261a6, al.: so with other pr.nn., EN1145a21, 1146a21, al.2 in a generic sense, where the individual is treated as a type,οἷς ὁ γέρων μετέῃσιν.. λεύσσει Il.3.109
;πονηρὸν ὁ συκοφάντης D.18.242
, etc.b freq. with abstract Nouns,ἥ τε ἐλπὶς καὶ ὁ ἔρως Th.3.45
, etc.3 of outstanding members of a class, ὁ γεωγράφος, ὁ κωμικός, ὁ ποιητής, ὁ τεχνικός, v. γεωγράφος, κωμικός, ποιητής, τεχνικός.4 with infs., which thereby become Substs., τὸ εἴργειν prevention, Pl.Grg. 505b ; τὸ φρονεῖν good sense, S.Ant. 1348(anap.), etc.: when the subject is expressed it is put between the Art.and the inf., τὸ θεοὺς εἶναι the existence of gods, Pl.Phd. 62b ; τὸ μηδένα εἶναι ὄλβιον the fact or statement that no one is happy, Hdt.1.86.5 in neut. before any word or expression which itself is made the object of thought, τὸ ἄνθρωπος the word or notion man ; τὸ λέγω the word λέγω ; τὸ μηδὲν ἄγαν the sentiment 'ne quid nimis', E.Hipp. 265(lyr.); τὸ τῇ αὐτῇ the phrase τῇ αὐτῇ, Pl.Men. 72e : and so before whole clauses, ἡ δόξα.. περὶ τοῦ οὕστινας δεῖ ἄρχειν the opinion about the question 'who ought to rule', Id.R. 431e ; τὸ ἐὰν μένητε παρ' ἐμοί, ἀποδώσω the phrase 'I will give back, if.. ', X.Cyr. 5.1.21, cf. Pl.R. 327c, etc.;τοὺς τοῦ τί πρακτέον λογισμούς D.23.148
; τὸ ὀλίγοι the term few, Arist.Pol. 1283b11.6 before relat. clauses, when the Art. serves to combine the whole relat. clause into one notion, τῇ ᾗ φὴς σὺ σκληρότητι the harshness you speak of, Pl.Cra. 435a ; τὸν ἥμερον καρπόν.., καὶ τὸν ὅσος ξύλινος (i.e. καὶ τὸν καρπὸν ὅσος ἂν ᾖ ξύλινος) Id.Criti. 115b ;τῶν ὅσοι ἂν.. ἀγαθοὶ κριθῶσιν Id.R. 469b
;ἐκ γῆς καὶ πυρὸς μείξαντες καὶ τῶν ὅσα πυρὶ καὶ γῇ κεράννυται Id.Prt. 320d
, cf. Hyp.Lyc.2 ;ταύτην τε τὴν αἰτίαν καὶ τὴν ὅθεν ἡ κίνησις Arist.Metaph. 987a8
;τὸν ὃς ἔφη Lys.23.8
: hence the relat., by attraction, freq. follows the case of the Art., τοῖς οἵοις ἡμῖν τε καὶ ὑμῖν, i.e. τοῖς οὖσιν οἷοι ἡμεῖς καὶ ὑμεῖς, X.HG2.3.25, etc.7 before Prons.,a before the pers. Prons., giving them greater emphasis, but only in acc., ,Phlb. 20b ; τὸν.. σὲ καὶ ἐμέ ib. 59b ; ; on ὁ αὐτός, v. αὐτός 111.b before the interrog. Pron. (both τίς and ποῖος), referring to something before, which needs to be more distinctly specified, A.Pr. 251, Ar. Pax 696 ; also τὰ τί; because οἷα went before, ib. 693. Of τίς only the neut. is thus used (v.supr.): ποῖος is thus used not only in neut. pl., τὰ ποῖα; E.Ph. 707 ; but also in the other genders, ὁ ποῖος; ib. 1704 ; τῆς ποίας μερίδος; D.18.64 ; τοῖς ποίοις.. ; Arist.Ph. 227b1.c with τοιοῦτος, τοιόσδε, τηλικοῦτος, etc., the Art. either makes the Pron. into a Subst., that sort of person,X.
Mem.4.2.21, etc.; or subjoins it to a Subst. which already has an Art.,τὴν ἀπολογίαν τὴν τοιαύτην D.41.13
.8 before ἅπας, Pi.N.1.69, Hdt.3.64, 7.153 (s.v.l.), S.OC 1224 (lyr.), D.18.231, etc.; also τὸν ἕνα, τὸν ἕνα τοῦτον, Arist.Pol. 1287b8, 1288a19 : on its usage with ἕκαστος, v. sub voc.; and on οἱ ἄλλοι, οἱ πολλοί, etc., v. ἄλλος 11.6,πολύς 11.3
, etc.II elliptic expressions:1 before the gen. of a pr.<*>., to express descent, son or daughter, Θουκυδίδης ὁ Ὀλόρου (sc. υἱός) Th.4.104 ; Ἑλένη ἡ τοῦ Διός (sc. θυγάτηρ) E.Hel. 470 : also to denote other relationships, e.g. brother, Lys.32.24, Alciphr.2.2.10 ; ἡ Σμικυθίωνος Μελιστίχη M. the wife of S., Ar.Ec.46 ; Κλέαρχος καὶ οἱ ἐκείνου Cl. and his men, X.An.1.2.15 ; ὁ τοῦ Ἀντιγένεος the slave of A., Hp.Hum.20.2 generally, before a gen. it indicates a wider relation, as τὸ τῶν νεῶν, τὸ τῶν Ἑρμῶν, the matter of the ships, the affair of the Hermae, Th.4.23,6.60 ; τὰ τοῦ Ἀρριβαίου πράσσειν to promote the interests of Arrhibaeus, Id.4.83, cf. 6.89, etc.; τὸ τῆς τύχης,=ἡ τύχη, Id.4.18 ; τὰ τῆς τύχης accidents, chance events, ib.55 ; τὰ γὰρ φθιτῶν τοῖς ὁρῶσι κόσμος performance of the rites due to the dead befits the living, E.Supp.78(lyr.); τὰ τῶν θεῶν that which is destined by the gods, S.Tr. 498(lyr.): hence with neut. of Possessive Pron., τὸ ἐμόν, τὸ σόν, what regards me or thee, my or thy business or interests, S.Aj. 124, El. 251, etc.: and with gen. of 3 pers.,τὸ τῆσδε E.Hipp.48
. But τό τινος is freq. also, a man's word or saying, asτὸ τοῦ Σόλωνος Hdt.1.86
; τὸ τοῦ Ὁμήρου as Homer says, Pl.Tht. 183e ; also τά τινος so-and-so's house, Ar.V. 1432, D.54.7, Theoc.2.76, Herod.5.52, Ev.Luc.2.49.3 very freq. with cases governed by Preps.. αἱ ἐκ τῆς Ζακύνθου νῆες the ships from Zacynthus, Th.4.13 ; οἱ ἀμφί τινα, οἱ περί τινα, such an one and his followers, v. ἀμφί c.1.3, περί c.1.2 ; also τὰ ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης the Thrace-ward district, Th.1.59, al.; τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ καταστρώματος matters on deck, Id.7.70 ; τὰ ἀπ' Ἀλκιβιάδου the proposals of Alcibiades, Id.8.48 ; τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς τύχης the incidents of fortune, Id.2.87, etc.4 on μὰ τόν, μὰ τήν, etc., v. μά IV.5 in elliptical phrases, ἐπορευόμην τὴν ἔξω τείχους (sc. ὁδόν) Pl.Ly. 203a ; ἡ ἐπὶ θανάτῳ (sc. στολή, δέσις), v. θάνατος; κατὰ τὴν ἐμήν (sc. γνώμην), v. ἐμός 11.4 ; ἡ αὔριον (sc. ἡμέρα), v. αὔριον; ἡ Λυδιστί (sc. ἁρμονία) Arist.Pol. 1342b32, etc.: freq. with Advs., which thus take an adj. sense, as ὁ, ἡ, τὸ νῦν;ὁ οἴκαδε πλοῦς Th.1.52
; οἱ τότε, οἱ ἔπειτα (sc. ἄνθρωποι), ib.9,10, etc. ; but τό stands abs. with Advs. of time and place, when one cannot (as in the preceding instances) supply a Subst., asκἀκεῖσε καὶ τὸ δεῦρο E.Ph. 266
, cf.[315] (lyr.);ὁ μὲν τὸ κεῖθεν, ὁ δὲ τὸ κεῖθεν Id.Or. 1412
(lyr.): rarely abs. in gen., ἰέναι τοῦ πρόσω to go forward, X.An.1.3.1 ;τοῦ προσωτάτω δραμεῖν S.Aj. 731
.C as RELATIVE PRONOUN in many dialects ; both in nom. sg. masc. ὅ, asκλῦθί μοι, ὃ χθιζὸς θεὸς ἤλυθες Od.2.262
, cf. 1.300, al. ;Ἔρως, ὃ κατ' ὀμμάτων στάζεις πόθον E.Hipp. 526
(lyr.);Ἄδωνις, ὃ κἠν Ἀχέροντι φιλεῖται Theoc.15.86
; ὃ ἐξορύξη he who banishes him, Schwyzer679.12,25 ([place name] Cyprus) ; and in the forms beginning with τ, esp. in Hom. (Od.4.160, al.), Hdt.1.7, al.: also in [dialect] Ion. Poets,ἐν τῷ κάθημαι Archil.87.3
, cf. Semon.7.3, Anacr.86 (prob.), Herod.2.64, al.: freq. in Trag., , Tr. 381, 728, E.Alc. 883 (anap.);τῷ S.Ph.14
; , Tr.47, El. 1144 ; τό Id.OT 1427 ; τῶν ib. 1379, Ant. 1086.—Never in Com. or [dialect] Att. Prose:—[dialect] Ep. gen. sg.τεῦ Il.18.192
(s.v.l.).D CRASIS OF ARTICLE:a [dialect] Att. ὁ, ἡ, τό, with [pron. full] ᾰ make ᾱ, as ἁνήρ, ἁλήθεια, τἀγαθόν, τᾄτιον; so οἱ, αἱ, τά, as ἅνδρες, τἀγαθά; also τοῦ, τῷ, as τἀγαθοῦ, τἀγαθῷ: ὁ, τό, οἱ, before e gives ου, οὑξ, οὑπί, οὑμός, τοὔργον, οὑπιχώριοι, etc.; also τοῦ, as τοὐμοῦ, τοὐπιόντος; but ἅτερος, θάτερον ([pron. full] ¯ ?ὁX?ὁX), [dialect] Ion. οὕτερος, τοὔτερον (v. ἕτερος), [dialect] Att. fem. ἡτέρα, dat. θητέρᾳ (v. ἕτερος); τῷ loses the iota, τὠμῷ, τὠπιόντι: ὁ, τό, before ο gives ου, as Οὁδυσσεύς, Οὑλύμπιος, τοὔνομα: ὁ, τό, etc., before αυ gives ᾱυ, αὑτός, ταὐτό, ταὐτῷ (freq. written ἁτός, etc. in Inscrr. and Pap.); so τὰ αὐτά=ταὐτά, αἱ αὐταί= αὑταί: ἡ before εὐ gives ηὑ, as ηὑλάβεια: τῇ before ἡ gives θη, as θἠμέρᾳ: τὸ before ὑ gives θου, as θοὔδωρ for τὸ ὕδωρ. -
6 ὄνος
A ass, once in Hom., Il.11.558 ; then in IG12.40.12, Hdt.4.135, etc., cf. Arist.HA 580b3 ; ὄνοι οἱ τὰ κέρεα ἔχοντες, together with a number of fabulous animals, Hdt.4.191, 192 ;ὄ. μονοκέρατος Arist.HA 499b19
, PA 663a23, cf. Ael.NA3.41 :—freq. in provs.:1 ὄ. λύρας (sc. ἀκούων), of one who can make nothing of music, Men. 527, Id.Mis.18, cf. Varroap.Gell.3.16.13, Diogenian.7.33 ; expld. in Apostol.12.91a, ὄ. λύρας ἤκουε καὶ σάλπιγγος ὗς; ὄ. κάθηται, of one who sits down when caught in the game of ὀστρακίνδα, Poll.9.106, 112 ; the two provs. combined by Cratin. 229 ὄνοι δ' ἀπωτέρω κάθηντ αι τῆς λύρας, cf. κιθαρίζω.2 περὶ ὄνου σκιᾶς for an ass's shadow, i.e. for a trifle, Ar.V. 191(v. Sch.), Pl.Phdr. 260c ;ταῦτα πάντ' ὄνου σκιά S. Fr. 331
.3 ὄνου πόκαι or πόκες, v. πόκος 11 ; ὄνον κείρεις, of those who attempt the impossible, Zen.5.38.4 ἀπ' ὄνου καταπεσεῖν, of one who gets into a scrape by his own clumsiness. with a pun on ἀπὸ νοῦ πεσεῖν, Ar.Nu. 1273, cf. Pl.Lg. 701d.5 ὄνος ὕεται an ass in the rain, of being unmoved by what is said or done, Cratin.52, cf. Cephisod.1 ;ὄνῳ τις ἔλεγε μῦθον, ὁ δὲ τὰ ὦτα ἐκίνει Diogenian.7.30
;ὄ. εἰς Ἀθήνας Macar.Prov.6.31
.6 ὄ. ἄγω μυστήρια, i.e my part is to carry burdens, Ar.Ra. 159.7 ὄνων ὑβριστότερος, of wanton behaviour, X.An.5.8.3 ;κριθώσης ὄνου S.Fr. 876
.8 ὦτ' ὄνου λαβεῖν, like Midas, Ar.Pl. 287.9 ὄ. εἰς ἄχυρα, of one who gets what he wants, Diogenian.6.91 ; ὄνου γνάθος, of a glutton, ib. 100.10 ὄ. ἐν μελίσσαις, of one who has got into a scrape, Crates Com.36 ; but ὄ. ἐν πιθήκοις, of extreme ugliness, Men.402.8 ; ὄ. ἐν μύρῳ 'a clown at a feast', Suid.11 εἰς ὄνους ἀφ' ἵππων, of one who has come down in the world, Lib.Ep.34.2, cf. Zen.2.33, etc.II a fish of the cod family, esp. the hake, Merluccius vulgaris, Epich. 67, Arist.HA 599b33, Fr. 326, Henioch.3.3, Opp.H.1.151, etc.III wood-louse,κυλισθεὶς ὥς τις ὄ. ἰσόσπριος S.Fr. 363
, cf. Arist.HA 557a23 (v.l. ὀνίοις), Thphr.HP4.3.6, Hsch.s.v. σηνίκη; cf.ὀνίσκος 11
, ἴουλος IV.V ὄνων φάτνη a nebulous appearance between the ὄνοι (two stars in the breast of the Crab), Theoc.22.21, cf. Arat.898, Thphr.Sign.23 ( ἡ τοῦ ὄνου φάτνη ib.43,51), Ptol.Tetr.23.VI ὄνου πετάλειον, = φύλλον ὀνίτιδος, Nic.Th. 628.VII from the ass as a beast of burden the name passed to:2 the upper millstone which turned round,ὄ. ἀλέτης X.An.1.5.5
; alsoὄ. ἀλετών Alex.13
, 204, cf. Hsch. s.v. μύλη ; perh. simply, millstone, Herod.6.83 : Phot. says that Aristotle also calls the fixed nether millstone ὄνος (but Arist.Pr. 964b38 says, ὄνου λίθον ἀλοῦντος when the millstone is grinding stone, as it does when no grist is in the mill). -
7 ἀγρηνόν
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: see belowOrigin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: ἀγρηνόν \< ἔνδυμα\> δικτυοειδες ο περιτίθενται οἱ βακχεύοντες Διονύσῳ. Έρατοσθένης δε αὐτὸ καλεῖ [ γρῆνυν] η γῆνον H.; ἀγρηνα δίκτυα καὶ ἔνδυμα H.; ἀγρηνὸν ποικίλον ἐρεοῦν δικτυοειδες καὶ ἔνδυμα δε ποιόν EM 14,2. Has the word prothesis or did it lose the initial vowel? Cf. also γρηνη ἄνθη συμμικτά H. Derivation from ἄγρα (DELG) is quite uncertain. (Nilsson Gesch. Gr. Religion 204 says that the net on the Omphalos was so called. This is ascribed to Hesychius and Pollux (4, 116), but neither author says so. It was only a guess (Pauly-Wissowa s.v.: "wohl auch".) In fact Hesychius states that it was called γάγγαμον, q.v.)Page in Frisk: --Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀγρηνόν
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8 θηριομαχέω
θηριομαχέω (s. θηρίον, μάχομαι) 1 aor. ἐθηριομάχησα① be forced to fight with wild animals as a punishment, fight with wild animals (Diod S 3, 43, 7; Artem. 2, 54; 5, 49; Ptolem., Apotel. 4, 9, 10; Vett. Val. 129, 33; 130, 21; Jos., Bell. 7, 38) IEph 1:2; ITr 10; ἐπισήμως θ. MPol 3, 1. For 1 Cor 15:32 s. 2.② to be in a position of having to contend with adversaries, struggle with, contend with. It is uncertain whether θ. is used lit. or fig. in 1 Cor 15:32. It is quite unlikely that Paul could have engaged in a real struggle w. wild animals (but. s. Bowen below). He says nothing about such an experience in 2 Cor 11:23–29, and Ac does not mention it (but Ac is silent about many matters). Also the apostle could not have been sentenced ‘ad bestias’ without losing his Roman citizenship, which he still held at a later date, and which formed the basis for his appeal to the emperor. If, nevertheless, the verb is to be taken as lit., the expr. is to be considered (w. JWeiss on 1 Cor 15:32 and WMichaelis, Die Gefangenschaft d. Paulus in Ephesus 1925, 118ff) a contrary to fact (unreal) conditional sentence: ‘if I had fought w. wild animals’ (against this JSchmid, Zeit u. Ort d. paul. Gefangenschaftsbr. ’31, 39–60; WKümmel, Hdb. ’49). But the expr. can also be fig. (freq. in Cynic-Stoic diatribe; AMalherbe, JBL 87, ’68, 71–80), as it certainly is in IRo 5:1 ἀπὸ Συρίας μέχρι Ῥώμης θηριομαχῶ … δεδεμένος δέκα λεοπάρδοις, ὅ ἐστι στρατιωτικὸν τάγμα from Syria to Rome I am fighting with wild animals, bound to ten leopards, that is, a detachment of soldiers (cp. OGI 201, 16 ἐπολέμησα ἀπὸ Π. ἕως Τ.); here Ign. describes the sufferings of his journey as a prisoner with a word that suggests a struggle w. wild animals (cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 61 §252, where Pompey says in sim. fig. language: οἵοις θηρίοις μαχόμεθα; Philo, Mos. 1, 43f. Ignatius longed to have actual wild beasts consume him IRo 4:1f; 5:2.). In AcPl Ha 3, 9; 4, 8; 5, 13 actual fights with wild beasts (Lat. venationes) are meant.—CBowen, JBL 42, 1923, 59–68; CCoffin, ibid. 43, 1924, 172–76; JHunkin, ET 39, 1928, 281f; R Osborne, JBL 85, ’66, 225–30; lit. s.v. ἀγών.—DELG s.v. θήρ. M-M. -
9 προλέγω
προλέγω pf. pass. 3 sing. προλέλεκται (Aeschyl., Hdt.+; ins; Is 41:26; TestSol; GrBar 8:7; EpArist 8; Just., Tat.).① to say someth. in advance of an event, tell beforehand/ in advance (Demetr. of Phal. [300 B.C.]: 228 Fgm. 39 Jac. p. 970, 2f τὶς θεῶν αὐτοῖς προὔλεγε τὸ μέλλον; Apollon. Paradox. 3 τὰ μέλλοντα; TestSol 10:10 C; Jos., Ant. 7, 226; cp. CB I/2 p. 386 no. 232, 8: Gaius, an attorney, before his death expresses his thoughts in an epitaph for his tomb; s. προεῖπον 1) w. ὅτι foll. (Pla., Rep. 1, 337a) 2 Cor 13:2; Gal 5:21 (corresponding to the words προλέγω καθὼς προεῖπον, Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 139 §579 has the doublet προλέγομεν … καὶ προεροῦμεν); in warning (Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 130, 97 Jac.) 1 Th 3:4 (in the above-mentioned passage from Appian, Brutus says προλέγομεν ‘we’, as Paul says προελέγομεν). Of a prophetic saying προλέγει ἡμῖν (a quot. fr. Is follows) 1 Cl 34:3 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 1. 71 §326 the priests in charge of the sacrifices foretell what is to happen; Just., D. 41, 3 [fr. Mal.]).② to say/express someth. at a point of time that is prior to another point of time, state beforehand/earlier (προεῖπον 2b) pf. pass. ὡς προλέλεκται as has been stated above (Ps.-Demetr., Eloc. 89) EpilMosq 5.—M-M. -
10 φημί
φημί 2 sg. φῄς (Just.), 3 sg. φησίν, 3 pl. φασίν Ro 3:8; 2 Cor 10:10 v.l.; 3 sg. of impf. and 2 aor. ἔφη (s. Kühner-Bl. II 210), 3 pl. ἔφασαν (Esth 10:31; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 5 Jac. [Eus., PE 9, 29, 16]); fut. φήσω (Just.); 1 aor. 3 sg. ἔφησεν 2 Macc 3:27 al. (Hom.+).① to state someth. orally or in writing, say, affirm w. direct discourseⓐ w. interchange of first and third persons in dialogue Hv 2, 4, 1; 3, 2, 1; 3, 3, 1f and oft.ⓑ introducing direct discourseα. preceding it ὁ δέ φησιν• οὔ, μήποτε … Mt 13:29. Cp. 26:61; 27:11, 23; Mk 10:29; J 9:38; 18:29; Ac 7:2; 8:36; 10:30 al. Oft. w. dat. of the pers. addressed ἔφη αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰησοῦς• πάλιν γέγραπται … Mt 4:7. Cp. 13:28; 21:27; Mk 9:12; 14:29; Lk 7:44; Ac 26:32. Also πρός τινα (TestAbr A 15 p. 96, 7 [Stone p. 40]) Lk 22:70; Ac 10:28; 16:37; 26:1.—Used w. a ptc. to denote the nature of the statement ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ ἑκατόνταρχος ἔφη• κύριε … Mt 8:8. Cp. Lk 23:3, 40.β. inserted after the first word or words of the direct discourse (Oenomaus in Eus., PE 6, 7, 8 ἀγγελῶ, νὴ Δία, φήσει τις, …; TestJob 34:4; JosAs 24:8; Just., D. 1, 3) δός μοι, φησίν, ὧδε … Mt 14:8. ποίας; φησίν 19:18 v.l. Cp. Lk 7:40 (here φησίν stands at the close of a direct quot. consisting of only two words; cp. Just., D. 3, 7 οὐ γάρ, φημί); Ac 2:38 v.l.; 23:35; 25:5, 22; 26:25. ὡς ἔφην Papias (2:15) (ApcMos 42).ⓒ without a subj., where it is self-evident ὅρα γάρ φησιν ποιήσεις πάντα for see to it, (God) says (Ex 25:40; Just., D. 126, 6; Mel., P. 12, 78; Ath. 32, 1), you must make everything Hb 8:5. But φησίν is also used impersonally, it is said, so that it can also go w. a plural subject that makes a statement (cp. Demosth. 23, 31; ViJer 8 [p. 72, 12 Sch.]; Epict., Enchir. 24, 2; Maximus Tyr. 5, 4a) αἱ ἐπιστολαὶ μέν, φησίν, βαρεῖαι 2 Cor 10:10 (the subject of this statement is the opposition to Paul in the Corinthian church; hence the v.l. φασίν). οὐ δεῖν, φησίν (i.e. gnostics) προφήταις χρῆσθαι AcPlCor 1:10. W. scripture quotations φησίν it says (φησίν abs. w. a quot. fr. Aratus: Synes., Prov. 2, 5 p. 125a) 1 Cor 6:16; 1 Cl 30:2; 2 Cl 7:6; B 7:7.ⓓ φησίν, in introducing scripture quot., can be pred. to a wide variety of subjects (cp. φησὶν ὁ λόγος Pla., Phil. 51c; Maximus Tyr. 22, 5b; Just., D. 93, 3) φησὶν ὁ ἅγιος λόγος 1 Cl 13:3. (τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον) 16:2. αὐτός (=ὁ κύριος) φησιν 16:15. ὁ θεός 33:5. ὁ ἐκλεκτὸς Δαυίδ 52:2.② to say someth. that provides a fuller explanation of a statement, mean by one’s statement (Artem. 1, 67 p. 62, 16 φημὶ δὲ ἐγώ=but I mean), w. acc. (Diod S 37, 29, 5 Κράσσον φημί; Syntipas p. 10, 12) τοῦτο 1 Cor 7:29; cp. 10:15, 19. Foll. by ὅτι 1 Cor 10:19 (Caecil. Calact., Fgm. 103 p. 93, 18 ἀλλὰ τί φημι; ὅτι κτλ.); τοῦτο ὅτι 15:50. Foll. by acc. and inf. (Synes., Kingship 15 p. 14c) Ro 3:8; Papias (3:2).—HFournier, Les verbes ‘dire’ en Grec ancien ’46. B. 1257. DELG. M-M. -
11 ἀρσενόθηλυς
ἀρσενόθηλυς, ὁ (ἄρσην + θῆλυς; Orphic Fragments 56 Kern; Porphyr. in Eus., PE 3, 11; Manetho 5, 140; cp. Diod S 8 Fgm. 23; also ἀρρενόθηλυς) a pers. of both sexes, hermaphrodite ἀπεκόπη γὰρ, φησίν, ὁ Ἄττις, τοῦτʼ ἔστιν ἀπὸ τῶν χοϊκῶν τῆς κτίσεως κάτωθεν μερῶν, καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν αἰωνίαν ἄνω μετελήλυθεν οὐσίαν, ὅπου, φησίν, ‘οὐκ ἔστιν οὔτε θῆλυ οὔτε ἄρσεν’, ἀλλὰ καινὴ κτίσις, ‘καινὸς ἄνθρωπος’, ὅ ἐστιν ἀρσενόθηλυς=for, says the Naassene, Attis has been emasculated, that is, has moved from the earthly elements of the world below to the eternal substance above, where, the N. says, ‘there is neither male nor female’, but a new creation, ‘a new human being’, that is, a hermaphrodite GNaass 252, 59f.—DELG s.v. ἄρσην. -
12 παρίστημι
+ V 24-23-8-18-20=93 Gn 18,8; 40,4; 45,1(bis); Ex 9,31to set by or near [τι παρά τινα] 1 Sm 5,2; id. [τινά τινι] 1 Mc 6,35; to bring in [τινα] Sir 23,22 to place [τινα] 1 Kgs 12,32; to show Ps 49(50),21; to be present with sb [μετάτινος] Nm 1,5 to preside over [ἐπί τινος] Nm 7,2to attend on [τινι] Prv 22,29; to prepare for [τινα εἴς τι] 1 Mc 6,34; to make sb such, to render sb [τινα+pred.] 2 Mc 8,21to stand by or beside, to help [abs.] Ex 19,17; id. [τινι] Gn 18,8; id. [πρός τινα] 2 Kgs 5,25; id. [ἐπί τινος] Nm 23,3; to make a stand Ex 18,23; to stand 1 Kgs 12,6to approach, to come near (in hostile sense) Ps 2,2ὁ παρεστηκώς the one attending, the assistant Nm 11,28; ἔναντι τῶν παρεστηκότων against the adversaries Sir 51,2; παρέστη πάσῃ ὁδῷ οὐκ ἀγαθῇ he gives or presents himself to every evil way Ps 35(36),5; ἡ κριθὴ παρεστηκυῖα the barley was in the ear, the barley was ready for harvest Ex 9,31*Hos 9,13 παρέστησαν τὰ τέκνα αὐτῶν they proffered or held out or gave their children-בניהם לה תושׁ for MT נוה/ב תולהשׁ it was planted in a meadow; *Jb 37,20 παρέστηκεν he may stand-עמד for MT אמר he saysCf. DANIEL, S. 1966 95.96; DOGNIEZ 1992 181.243; HELBING 1928 59.315; LE BOULLUEC 1989, 248;LEE, J. 1983, 56-57; WALTERS 1973, 226-227; WEVERS 1990 141.289.303.387. 556; →NIDNTT; TWNT -
13 γάρ
I introducing the reason or cause of what precedes, for,τῷ γὰρ ἐπὶ φρεσὶ θῆκε θεὰ λευκώλενος Ἥρη· κήδετο γ. Δαναῶν Il.1.56
, etc.; but freq. in expl. of that wh. is implied in the preceding clause,πολλάων πολίων κατέλυσε κάρηνα.. τοῦ γὰρ κράτος ἐστὶ μέγιστον 2.118
, etc.: hence,b in simple explanations, esp. after a Pronoun or demonstr. Adj.,ἀλλὰ τόδ' αἰνὸν ἄχος κραδίην καὶ θυμὸν ἱκάνει· Ἕκτωρ γ. ποτε φήσει 8.148
, cf. Od.2.163; ὃ δὲ δεινότατον.. ὁ Ζεὺς γ. .. Ar.Av. 514;ὃ δὲ πάντων ἀδικώτατον ἔδοξε· τῶν γὰρ προγε γραμμένων ἠτίμωσε καὶ υἱούς Plu.Sull.31
; freq. in introducing proofs or examples, μαρτύριον δέ· Δήλου γ. καθαιρομένης .. Th.1.8; τεκμήριον δέ· οὔτε γ. Λακεδαιμόνιοι .. Id.2.39, cf. D.20.10, etc.; in full, τεκμήριον δὲ τούτου τόδε· αἱ μὲν γ. .. Hdt.2.58; παράδειγμα τόδε τοῦ λόγου· ἐκ γ. .. Th.1.2; δηλοῖ δέ μοι τόδε· πρὸ γ. .. ib.3.c to introduce a detailed description or narration already alluded to, ὅμως δὲ λεκτέα ἃ γιγνώσκω· ἔχει γ. [ἡ χώρα] πεδία κάλλιστα .. X.An.5.6.6, etc.d in answers to questions or statements challenging assent or denial, yes,.., no,.., οὔκουν.. ἀνάγκη ἐστί;—ἀνάγκη γ. οὖν, ἔφη, ay doubtless it is necessary, X.Cyr.2.1.7, cf. § 4 and 13; indicating assent,ἔχει γ. Pl.Phdr. 268a
; ἱκανὸς γ., ἔφη, συμβαίνει γ., ἔφη, Id.R. 502b, 502c,cf. Ap. 41a, etc.; οὔκουν δὴ τό γ' εἰκός.—οὐ γ.: Id.Phdr. 276c.2 by inversion, preceding the fact explained, since, as,Ἀτρεΐδη, πολλοὶ γ. τεθνᾶσιν Ἀχαιοί.. τῷ σε χρὴ πόλεμον παῦσαι Il.7.328
; χρόνου δὲ οὐ πολλοῦ διελθόντος ([etym.] χρῆν γ. Κανδαύλῃ γενέσθαι κακῶς) ἔλεγε πρὸς τὸν Γύγην τοιάδε, Γύγη, οὐ γ. σε δοκέω πείθεσθαι.. ([etym.] ὦτα γ. τυγχάνει κτλ.) , ποίει ὅκως .. Hdt.1.8. cf. 6.102, al.; εἶεν, σὺ γ. τούτων ἐπιστήμων, τί χρὴ ποιεῖν; Pl.Phd. 117a; the principal proposition is sts.b blended with the causal one, τῇ δὲ κακῶς γ. ἔδεε γενέσθαι εἶπε, i.e. ἡ δέ ([etym.] κακῶς γ. οἱ ἔδεε γενέσθαι)εἶπε Hdt. 9.109
, cf. 1.24, 4.149, 200, Th.1.72, 8.30.c attached to the hypothet. Particle instead of being joined to the apodosis, οὐδ' εἰ γ. ἦν τὸ πρᾶγμα μὴ θεήλατον, ἀκάθαρτον ὑμᾶς εἰκὸς ἦν οὕτως ἐᾶν, i.e. οὐδὲ γ. εἰ ἦν .., S.OT 255.3 in elliptical phrases, where that of which γάρ gives the reason is omitted, and must be supplied,a freq. in Trag. dialogue and Pl., when yes or no may be supplied from the context, καὶ δῆτ' ἐτόλμας τούσδ' ὑπερβαίνειν νόμους;—οὐ γ. τί μοι Ζεὺς ἦν ὁ κηρύξας τάδε [yes], for it was not Zeus, etc., S.Ant. 450, cf. OT 102, etc.;καλῶς γὰρ αὐτὸς ἠγάνισαι Pl. Smp. 194a
; freq. in phrase ἔστι γ. οὕτω [yes], for so it is, i. e. yes certainly: λέγεταί τι καινόν; γένοιτο γ. ἄν τι καινότερον ἢ .. ; [why,] could there be.. ? D.4.10; with negs., Ar.Ra. 262 τούτῳ γ. οὐ νικήσετε [do so], yet shall ye never prevail by this means: for ἀλλὰ γ., v. infr.11.1.b to confirm or strengthen something said, οἵδ' οὐκέτ' εἰσί· τοῦτο γάρ σε δήξεται [I say this], for it will sting thee, E. Med. 1370: after an Exclamation,ὦ πόποι· ἀνάριθμα γ. φέρω πήματα S.OT 168
(lyr.), cf. E.Hel. 857.c in conditional propositions, where the condition is omitted, else, οὐ γ. ἄν με ἔπεμπον πάλιν (sc. εἰ μὴ ἐπίστευον) X.An.7.6.33; γίνεται γ. ἡ κοινωνία συμμαχία for in that case, Arist.Pol. 1280b8.4 in abrupt questions, why, what, τίς γ. σε θεῶν ἐμοὶ ἄγγελον ἧκεν; why who hath sent thee? Il.18.182; πῶς γ. νῦν.. εὕδουσι; 10.424; πατροκτονοῦσα γ. ξυνοικήσεις ἐμοί; what, wilt thou.. ? A.Ch. 909: generally, after interrog. Particles, ἦ γ. .. ; what, was it.. ? S.OT 1000, 1039, etc.; τί γ.; quid enim? i. e. it must be so, Id.OC 539, 542, 547, etc.; τί γ. δή ποτε; D.21.44; also πῶς γ.; πῶς γ. οὔ;, v. πῶς.5 to strengthen a wish, c. opt., κακῶς γ. ἐξόλοιο O that you might perish ! E.Cyc. 261; cf. αἴ, εἰ, εἴθε, πῶς.II joined with other Particles:1 ἀλλὰ γ. where γάρ gives the reason of a clause to be supplied between ἀλλά and itself, as ἀλλ' ἐν γὰρ Τρώων πεδίῳ .. but [far otherwise], for.., Il.15.739; ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἥκουσ' αἵδ' ἐπὶ πρᾶγος πικρόν but [hush], for.., A.Th. 861; ἀλλ' οὐ γ. σ' ἐθέλω .. but [look out] for.., Il.7.242; in full,ἀλλ' οὐ γάρ σφιν ἐφαίνετο κέρδιον εἶναι μαίεσθαι προτ έρω, τοὶ μὲν πάλιν αὖτις ἔβαινον Od.14.355
;ἀλλ', οὐ γ. ἔπειθε, διδοῖ τὸ φᾶρος Hdt.9.109
.3 γ. δή for of course, for you know, Il.2.301,23.607, Hdt.1.34, 114, etc.; φάμεν γ. δή yes certainly we say so, Pl.Tht. 187e, cf. 164d;οὐ γ. δή S.Ant.46
, etc.4γ. νυ Od.14.359
.5 γ. οὖν for indeed, to confirm or explain, Il.15.232, Hdt.5.34, S.Ant. 489, 771, etc.; φησὶ γ. οὖν yes of course he says so, Pl.Tht. 170a;γ. οὖν δή Id.Prm. 148c
, etc.; οὐ γ. οὖν ib. 134b; cf. τοιγαροῦν.7 γ. ῥα, = γὰρ ἄρα, Il.1.113, al.8 γ. τε, 23.156; alsoτε γ. D.19.159
, Arist.Pol. 1333a2, al.B POSITION: γάρ prop. stands after the first word in a clause, but in Pocts it freq. stands third or fourth, when the preceding words are closely connected, as ὁ μὲν γὰρ .. S.Aj. 764; χἠ ναῦς γὰρ .. Id.Ph. 527; τό τ' εἰκαθεῖν γὰρ .. Id.Ant. 1096; τὸ μὴ θέμις γὰρ .. A.Ch. 641, cf. 753: also in Prose, τὸ κατ' ἀξίαν γὰρ .. Arist. EN 1163b11: sts. for metrical reasons, where there is no such connexion, as third (A.Ag.222.729, S.Ph. 219 (all lyr.)), fourth (Ar.Av. 1545); in later Com. fifth (Men.462.2); sixth (Antiph.26.22); seventh (Men.Epit. 531, Pk. 170, Athenio 1.5); once sixth in S., .C QUANTITY: γάρ is sts. long in Hom. metri gr.,θήσειν γὰρ ἔτ' ἔμελλεν Il.2.39
;φωνῆς γὰρ ἤκουσα h.Cer.57
.—In [dialect] Att. always short: Ar.Eq. 366, V. 217, Lys.20 are corrupt. -
14 δέω
Aδεόντων Od.12.54
codd. (v. δίδημι): [tense] fut. δήσω: [tense] aor. ἔδησα, [dialect] Ep.δῆσα Il.21.30
: [tense] pf.δέδεκα D.24.207
, v.l. δεδηκότας in Aeschin.2.134: [tense] plpf.ἐδεδήκει And.4.17
(prob.):—[voice] Med., [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.δέοντο Il.18.553
: [tense] aor.ἐδησάμην 24.340
, al.; [dialect] Ep.[ per.] 3sg. δησάσκετο ib.15: —[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.δεθήσομαι D.24.126
,131, etc., , X.Cyr.4.3.18; δεδέσομαι f.l. in Aristid.Or.41(4).7: [tense] aor.ἐδέθην D.24.132
, etc.: [tense] pf. δέδεμαι (v. infr.): [tense] plpf.ἐδεδέμην And.1.48
; [dialect] Ep.δέδετο Il.5.387
; [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl.ἐδεδέατο Hdt.1.66
, etc.—In this Verb, though a disyll., εο and εω are occas. [var] contr. τὸ δοῦν, τῷ δοῦντι, Pl.Cra. 419b, 421c;δοῦσα Din.Fr.89.15
:—bind, tie, fetter,δεσμῷ τινα δῆσαι Il.10.443
, etc.;ἐνὶ δεσμῷ 5.386
, etc.; ἐν πέδαις (v.l. ἐς πέδας) Hdt.5.77;δῆσε δ' ὀπίσσω χεῖρας.. ἱμᾶσιν Il.21.30
;δ. τινὰ χεῖράς τε πόδας τε Od. 12.50
; δ. ἔκ τινος to bind from (i.e. to) a thing,ἐξ ἐπιδιφριάδος ἱμᾶσι δέδεντο Il.10.475
, cf. Hdt.4.72; δῆσαί τινα ξύλῳ or ἐν ξύλῳ (cf.ξύλον 11.2
);ἐν κλίμακι Ar.Ra. 619
; δ. κύνα κλοιῷ tie a clog to a dog, Lex Solonisap.Plu.Sol.24, cf. E.Cyc. 234;δ. τινὰ πρὸς φάραγγι A.Pr.15
; πρὸς κίονα, κίονι, S.Aj. 108, 240(lyr.);δεδεμένοι πρὸς ἀλλήλους Th.4.47
; δεδέσθαι ἐν τῆ ποδοκάκκῃ Lex Solonisap.D.24.105.2 alone, bind, keep in bonds, πῶς ἂν ἐγώ σε δέοιμι; says Hephaistos, pointing to the nets in which he had caught Ares, Od.8.352;αὐτὸς δ' ἔδησε πατέρα A.Eu. 641
;δήσαντες ἔχειν τινάς Th.1.30
; δησάντων αὐτὸν οἱ ἕνδεκα Lex ap.D.24.105, etc.3 metaph., bind, enchain,γλῶσσα δέ οἱ δέδεται Thgn.178
;κέρδει καὶ σοφία δέδεται Pi.P.3.54
;ψυχὰ δ. λύπῃ E.Hipp. 160
(lyr.); later, bind by spells,τὸ στόμα AP11.138
(Lucill.), cf. Tab.Defix.96,108.4 c. gen., hinder from a thing,ἔδησε κελεύθου Od. 4.380
, 469.5 Medic., harden, brace up, Hp.Off.17, etc.II [voice] Med., bind, tie, put on oneself, ποσσὶ δ' ὑπὸ λιπαροῖσιν ἐδήσατο καλὰ πέδιλα tied them on his feet, Il.2.44, etc.:—[voice] Pass., περὶ δὲ κνήμῃσι βοείας κνημῖδας.. δέδετο he had greaves bound round his legs, Od. 24.228. (Cf. Skt. ditá 'bound', dā´ma 'bond'.)------------------------------------A : [tense] aor.ἐδέησα Lys. 30.8
, [dialect] Ep. δῆσα only Il.18.100: [tense] pf. :—[voice] Med., [tense] fut.δεήσομαι Th.1.32
, etc., [dialect] Dor.δεοῦμαι Epich.120
; later , Plu.2.213c, etc.: [tense] aor.ἐδεήθην Hdt.4.84
, Ar.Pl. 986, etc.: [tense] pf.δεδέημαι X.An.7.7.14
, Is.8.22 (the forms δεήσω, etc., compared with the [dialect] Ep. ἐδεύησα, δεύομαι, point to root δεϝ):—lack, miss, stand in need of, c. gen.,ἐμεῖο δὲ δῆσε.. ἀλκτῆρα γενέσθαι Il.
l.c. (elsewh. Hom. uses δεύω, q.v.); , cf. X.Mem.4.2.10.2 freq. in [dialect] Att., πολλοῦ δέω I want much, i.e. am far from, mostly c. inf. [tense] pres., πολλοῦ δ. ἀπολογεῖσθαι I am far from defending myself, Pl.Ap. 30d;πολλοῦ δεῖς εἰπεῖν Id.Men. 79b
;π. δ. ἀγνοεῖν Id.Ly. 204e
;π. γε δέουσι μαίνεσθαι Id.Men. 92a
; alsoμικροῦ ἔδεον ἐν χερσὶν εἶναι X.HG4.6.11
, cf. Men. Georg.25;τοσούτου δέω ἱκανὸς εἶναι λέγειν ὥστε.. Lys.17.1
;τοσούτου δέουσι μιμεῖσθαι Isoc.14.17
(alsoτοσοῦτον δέω εἰδέναι Pl.Men. 71a
); παρὰ μικρὸν ἐδέησα ἀποθανεῖν v.l. in Isoc.17.42; simplyἐδέησα κινδύνῳ περιπεσεῖν Alciphr.3.5
: abs., πολλοῦ γε δέω I am far from it, Pl.Phdr. 228a;τοῦ παντὸς δέω A.Pr. 1006
;παντὸς δεῖ τοιοῦτος εἶναι Pl.Sph. 221d
(impers. πολλοῦ δεῖ, etc., v. δεῖ 11.1. b): in part.,παλαστῆς δεόντων τεττάρων ποδῶν IG12.373.8
;μικροῦ δέοντα τέτταρα τάλαντα D.27.35
; the part. is freq. used to express numerals compounded with 8 or 9,ἀνδράσιν ἑνὸς δέουσι τριάκοντα IG12.374.413
; δυοῖν δέοντα τεσσεράκοντα forty lacking two, thirty-eight, Hdt.1.14;πεντήκοντα δυοῖν δέοντα ἔτη Th.2.2
; ἑνὸς δέον εἰκοστὸν ἔτος the 20t h year save one, the 19th, Id.8.6;δυοῖν δεούσαις εἴκοσι ναυσίν X.HG1.1.5
: later, the inf. stands abs., περὶ τὰ ἑνὸς δεῖν πεντήκοντα fifty save one, Arist.Rh. 1390b11: part. in gen., ;πόλεων δυοῖν δεούσαιν ἑξήκοντα D.L.5.27
;ἑξήκοντα ἑνὸς δέοντος ἔτη Plu.Pomp.79
.3 part. δέων, δέουσα, as Adj., fit, proper,ὁ καιρὸς οὐκ ἔστι χρόνος δέων Arist. APr. 48b36
;τοῖς δέουσι χρόνοις IG12(3).247.11
([place name] Anaphe); ἡ δέουσα ἑκάστων χρῆσις Hierocl.p.61 A., etc.: esp.freq.in neut., v. δέον.4 δεῖ impers., v. h. v.II Dep. [full] δέομαι: [var] contr.δῆσθε Sophr.46
, part.δεύμενος Id.36
: [tense] fut. : [tense] aor. ἐδεήθην: always personal, and used by Hom. only in form δεύομαι (v. δεύω B):1 abs., to be in want or need, require, mostly in part.,κάρτα δεόμενος Hdt.8.59
; οἱ δεόμενοι the needy, opp. οἱ κεκτημένοι τὰς οὐσίας, Isoc. 6.67.b stand in need of, want, c. gen., Hdt.1.36, etc.;τὰ σὰ δεῖται κολαστοῦ.. ἔπη S.OT 1148
; ῥώμης τινὸς δ. ib. 1293; οὐδὲν δεῖσθαι τροφῆς have no need of.., Th.8.43; ἤν τι δέωνται βασιλέως if they have any need of him, ib.37: c. inf.,τοῦτο ἔτι δέομαι μαθεῖν Pl.R. 392d
, cf. Euthd. 275d, etc.; τὰ πράττεσθαι δεόμενα things needing to be done, X.Cyr.2.3.3; necessaries,IG
2.573.4; ἐπισκευάσαι τὰ δεόμενα parts needing repair, ib.22.1176.15; the point threatened,Plb.
15.15.7; δεῖται impers., v. δεῖ.2 beg a thing from a person, c. dupl. gen. rei et pers.,τῶν ἐδέετο σφέων Hdt. 3.157
, cf. Th.1.32, etc.;μή μου δεηθῇς. ΘΗ. πράγματος ποίου; S.OC 1170
: freq. with neut. Pron. in acc.,τοῦτο ὑμῶν δέομαι Pl.Ap. 17c
, cf. Smp. 173e, etc.: c. acc. cogn., δέημα, or oftener δέησιν, δεῖσθαί τινος, Ar.Ach. 1059, Aeschin.2.43, etc.: also c. acc. rei only, ξύμφοραδ. Th.1.32
;δυνατά τινος Pl.Prt. 335e
;δίκαια καὶ μέτρια ὑμῶν D.38.2
;διαπράξωμαι ἃ δέομαι X.An.2.3.29
: with gen. pers. only, δεηθεὶς ὑμῶν having begged a favour of you, D.21.108: c.gen.pers. et inf., , cf. Pl.Prt. 336a, etc.;δ. τινὸς ὥστε.. Th.1.119
;ὅπως.. Plu.Ant.84
: rarely c. acc. pers., : parenthetic, I pray, Ge.44.18.------------------------------------δέω (C),A = δήω (A), Alc.102. -
15 διόπτης
A looker through, ὦ Ζεῦ διόπτα ! says Dicaeopolis in Ar.Ach. 435, holding up a ragged garment to the light.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > διόπτης
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16 εἴρων
A dissembler, one who says less than he thinks, Ar.Nu. 449, etc.; opp. ἀληθευτικός, Arist.EN 1124b30, Thphr.Char.1.1; opp. ἀλαζών, Arist.EN 1108a23;ἀλώπηξ εἴ. τῇ φύσει Philem.89.6
;ὁ εἴ. ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖστον ἀλαζόνος εἶδος Phld.Vit.p.38J.
;εἴ. ἐν τοῖς λόγοις Luc.Anach. 18
, cf. Cic.Off.1.30.108, J.BJ1.26.2. -
17 ζάψ
ζάψ, ἡ,A surf,καρῖδας ἡ ζ. ἐκφέρει κἰχθύδια Cratin.Jun.13
, cf. Euph. 3, Simm.11; πόντου.. περιστείνει ἁλυκὴ ζ. Dionys.Iamb. ap. Clem.Al. Strom.5.8.47 (who says some took ζ. πῦρ). -
18 κασσύω
A stitch, sew together like a shoemaker, Pl.Euthd. 294b;πέδιλα Nic.Fr.85.6
:—[voice] Med. (nisi leg. καττύομεν), Pherecr.178.II metaph., stitch up a plot, οἶδ' ἐγὼ τὸ πρᾶγμα τοῦθ' ὅθεν πάλαι καττύεται (says Cleon the tanner), I know the shop that this piece of leather comes from, Ar.Eq. 314;καττύειν διαβολάς Alciphr.3.58
. -
19 κραπαταλός
A fish, hence = μωρός, Hsch.: Κραπαταλοί, title of play by Pherecrates, in which he says that the κραπαταλός is used for δραχμή in Hades, Poll.9.83.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κραπαταλός
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20 κυνώπης
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κυνώπης
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